Association between Aerobic Exercise and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels across Various Ranges of Body Mass Index and Waist-Hip Ratio and the Modulating Role of the Hepatic Lipase rs1800588 Variant

Changes in concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are modified by several factors. We examined the relationship between aerobic exercise and HDL-C among different categories of body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) and the impact of rs1800588 variant in the hepatic lipase (LIPC) gene. We analyzed data from 6184 men and 8353 women aged 30–70 years. Participants were grouped into two WHR categories: Normal (0 < WHR < 0.9 for men and 0 < WHR < 0.8 for women) and abnormal (WHR ≥ 0.9 for men and WHR ≥ 0.8 for women). The BMI categories were: Underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m(2)), normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 24 kg/m(2)), overweight (24 ≤ BMI < 27 kg/m(2)), and obese (BMI ≥ 27 kg/m(2)). Multivariate linear regression models were used to investigate associations between HDL-C and exercise. Aerobic exercise was significantly associated with higher HDL-C (β = 1.18325; p < 0.0001) when compared with no exercise. HDL-C was significantly lower in persons with abnormal compared to those with normal WHR (β = −3.06689; p < 0.0001). Compared with normal weight, overweight and obese categories were associated with lower HDL-C, with β values of −4.31095 and −6.44230, respectively (p < 0.0001). Unlike rs1800588 CT and TT genotypes, associations between aerobic exercise and HDL were not significant among CC carriers no matter their BMI or WHR.