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Tetrodotoxins Occurrence in Non-Traditional Vectors of the North Atlantic Waters (Portuguese Maritime Territory, and Morocco Coast)

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent alkaloid typically from tropical ecosystems, but in the last decade its presence has been more pronounced in the temperate waters of the Atlantic. In its last scientific opinion, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) stressed the need for data regarding TTX prevale...

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Autores principales: Silva, Marisa, Rodríguez, Inés, Barreiro, Aldo, Kaufmann, Manfred, Neto, Ana Isabel, Hassouani, Meryem, Sabour, Brahim, Alfonso, Amparo, Botana, Luis M., Vasconcelos, Vitor
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6628425/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31146433
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11060306
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author Silva, Marisa
Rodríguez, Inés
Barreiro, Aldo
Kaufmann, Manfred
Neto, Ana Isabel
Hassouani, Meryem
Sabour, Brahim
Alfonso, Amparo
Botana, Luis M.
Vasconcelos, Vitor
author_facet Silva, Marisa
Rodríguez, Inés
Barreiro, Aldo
Kaufmann, Manfred
Neto, Ana Isabel
Hassouani, Meryem
Sabour, Brahim
Alfonso, Amparo
Botana, Luis M.
Vasconcelos, Vitor
author_sort Silva, Marisa
collection PubMed
description Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent alkaloid typically from tropical ecosystems, but in the last decade its presence has been more pronounced in the temperate waters of the Atlantic. In its last scientific opinion, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) stressed the need for data regarding TTX prevalence in European waters. To address EFSA’s concerns, benthic organisms such as mollusks, crustaceans, echinoderms and fish with different feeding habits were collected along the Portuguese continental coast, islands (São Miguel, Azores, and Madeira) and the northwestern Moroccan coast. A total of 165 samples were analyzed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) and ultra high performance chromatography mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Geographical tendencies were detected as follows, by descending order: S. Miguel Island (Azores), Moroccan coast, Madeira Island and Portuguese continental coast. The toxin amounts detected were significant, above the Dutch limit value established in 2017, showing the importance and the need for continuity of these studies to gain more knowledge about the prevalence of these toxins, unraveling new vectors, in order to better assess human health risk. This work represents a general overview of new TTX bearers (7) most of them in gastropods (Patella depressa, Nucella lapillus, Onchidella celtica and Aplysia depilans), followed by echinoderms (Echinus esculentus and Ophidiaster ophidianus) and puffer fish Sphoeroides marmoratus.
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spelling pubmed-66284252019-07-23 Tetrodotoxins Occurrence in Non-Traditional Vectors of the North Atlantic Waters (Portuguese Maritime Territory, and Morocco Coast) Silva, Marisa Rodríguez, Inés Barreiro, Aldo Kaufmann, Manfred Neto, Ana Isabel Hassouani, Meryem Sabour, Brahim Alfonso, Amparo Botana, Luis M. Vasconcelos, Vitor Toxins (Basel) Article Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent alkaloid typically from tropical ecosystems, but in the last decade its presence has been more pronounced in the temperate waters of the Atlantic. In its last scientific opinion, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) stressed the need for data regarding TTX prevalence in European waters. To address EFSA’s concerns, benthic organisms such as mollusks, crustaceans, echinoderms and fish with different feeding habits were collected along the Portuguese continental coast, islands (São Miguel, Azores, and Madeira) and the northwestern Moroccan coast. A total of 165 samples were analyzed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) and ultra high performance chromatography mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Geographical tendencies were detected as follows, by descending order: S. Miguel Island (Azores), Moroccan coast, Madeira Island and Portuguese continental coast. The toxin amounts detected were significant, above the Dutch limit value established in 2017, showing the importance and the need for continuity of these studies to gain more knowledge about the prevalence of these toxins, unraveling new vectors, in order to better assess human health risk. This work represents a general overview of new TTX bearers (7) most of them in gastropods (Patella depressa, Nucella lapillus, Onchidella celtica and Aplysia depilans), followed by echinoderms (Echinus esculentus and Ophidiaster ophidianus) and puffer fish Sphoeroides marmoratus. MDPI 2019-05-29 /pmc/articles/PMC6628425/ /pubmed/31146433 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11060306 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Silva, Marisa
Rodríguez, Inés
Barreiro, Aldo
Kaufmann, Manfred
Neto, Ana Isabel
Hassouani, Meryem
Sabour, Brahim
Alfonso, Amparo
Botana, Luis M.
Vasconcelos, Vitor
Tetrodotoxins Occurrence in Non-Traditional Vectors of the North Atlantic Waters (Portuguese Maritime Territory, and Morocco Coast)
title Tetrodotoxins Occurrence in Non-Traditional Vectors of the North Atlantic Waters (Portuguese Maritime Territory, and Morocco Coast)
title_full Tetrodotoxins Occurrence in Non-Traditional Vectors of the North Atlantic Waters (Portuguese Maritime Territory, and Morocco Coast)
title_fullStr Tetrodotoxins Occurrence in Non-Traditional Vectors of the North Atlantic Waters (Portuguese Maritime Territory, and Morocco Coast)
title_full_unstemmed Tetrodotoxins Occurrence in Non-Traditional Vectors of the North Atlantic Waters (Portuguese Maritime Territory, and Morocco Coast)
title_short Tetrodotoxins Occurrence in Non-Traditional Vectors of the North Atlantic Waters (Portuguese Maritime Territory, and Morocco Coast)
title_sort tetrodotoxins occurrence in non-traditional vectors of the north atlantic waters (portuguese maritime territory, and morocco coast)
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6628425/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31146433
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11060306
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