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Multisensory System Used for the Analysis of the Water in the Lower Area of River Danube

The present paper describes the development of a multisensory system for the analysis of the natural water in the Danube, water collected in the neighboring area of Galati City. The multisensory system consists of a sensor array made up of six screen-printed sensors based on electroactive compounds...

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Autores principales: Apetrei, Constantin, Iticescu, Catalina, Georgescu, Lucian Puiu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6630530/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31212988
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9060891
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author Apetrei, Constantin
Iticescu, Catalina
Georgescu, Lucian Puiu
author_facet Apetrei, Constantin
Iticescu, Catalina
Georgescu, Lucian Puiu
author_sort Apetrei, Constantin
collection PubMed
description The present paper describes the development of a multisensory system for the analysis of the natural water in the Danube, water collected in the neighboring area of Galati City. The multisensory system consists of a sensor array made up of six screen-printed sensors based on electroactive compounds (Cobalt phthalocyanine, Meldola’s Blue, Prussian Blue) and nanomaterials (Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes, Multi-Walled Graphene, Gold Nanoparticles). The measurements with the sensors array were performed by using cyclic voltammetry. The cyclic voltammograms recorded in the Danube natural water show redox processes related to the electrochemical activity of the compounds in the water samples or of the electro-active compounds in the sensors detector element. These processes are strongly influenced by the composition and physico-chemical properties of the water samples, such as the ionic strength or the pH. The multivariate data analysis was performed by using the principal component analysis (PCA) and the discriminant factor analysis (DFA), the water samples being discriminated according to the collection point. In order to confirm the observed classes, the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method was used. The classification of the samples according to the collection point could be made accurately and with very few errors. The correlations established between the voltammetric data and the results of the physico-chemical analyses by using the PLS1 method were very good, the correlation coefficients exceeding 0.9. Moreover, the predictive capacity of the multisensory system is very good, the differences between the measured and the predicted values being less than 3%. The multisensory system based on voltammetric sensors and on multivariate data analysis methods is a viable and useful tool for natural water analysis.
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spelling pubmed-66305302019-08-19 Multisensory System Used for the Analysis of the Water in the Lower Area of River Danube Apetrei, Constantin Iticescu, Catalina Georgescu, Lucian Puiu Nanomaterials (Basel) Article The present paper describes the development of a multisensory system for the analysis of the natural water in the Danube, water collected in the neighboring area of Galati City. The multisensory system consists of a sensor array made up of six screen-printed sensors based on electroactive compounds (Cobalt phthalocyanine, Meldola’s Blue, Prussian Blue) and nanomaterials (Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes, Multi-Walled Graphene, Gold Nanoparticles). The measurements with the sensors array were performed by using cyclic voltammetry. The cyclic voltammograms recorded in the Danube natural water show redox processes related to the electrochemical activity of the compounds in the water samples or of the electro-active compounds in the sensors detector element. These processes are strongly influenced by the composition and physico-chemical properties of the water samples, such as the ionic strength or the pH. The multivariate data analysis was performed by using the principal component analysis (PCA) and the discriminant factor analysis (DFA), the water samples being discriminated according to the collection point. In order to confirm the observed classes, the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method was used. The classification of the samples according to the collection point could be made accurately and with very few errors. The correlations established between the voltammetric data and the results of the physico-chemical analyses by using the PLS1 method were very good, the correlation coefficients exceeding 0.9. Moreover, the predictive capacity of the multisensory system is very good, the differences between the measured and the predicted values being less than 3%. The multisensory system based on voltammetric sensors and on multivariate data analysis methods is a viable and useful tool for natural water analysis. MDPI 2019-06-17 /pmc/articles/PMC6630530/ /pubmed/31212988 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9060891 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Apetrei, Constantin
Iticescu, Catalina
Georgescu, Lucian Puiu
Multisensory System Used for the Analysis of the Water in the Lower Area of River Danube
title Multisensory System Used for the Analysis of the Water in the Lower Area of River Danube
title_full Multisensory System Used for the Analysis of the Water in the Lower Area of River Danube
title_fullStr Multisensory System Used for the Analysis of the Water in the Lower Area of River Danube
title_full_unstemmed Multisensory System Used for the Analysis of the Water in the Lower Area of River Danube
title_short Multisensory System Used for the Analysis of the Water in the Lower Area of River Danube
title_sort multisensory system used for the analysis of the water in the lower area of river danube
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6630530/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31212988
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9060891
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