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Mammalian orthoreovirus Infection is Enhanced in Cells Pre-Treated with Sodium Arsenite
Following reovirus infection, cells activate stress responses that repress canonical translation as a mechanism to limit progeny virion production. Work by others suggests that these stress responses, which are part of the integrated stress response (ISR), may benefit rather than repress reovirus re...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6631071/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31216693 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11060563 |
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author | Lutz, Michael M. Worth, Megan P. Hinchman, Meleana M. Parker, John S.L. Ledgerwood, Emily D. |
author_facet | Lutz, Michael M. Worth, Megan P. Hinchman, Meleana M. Parker, John S.L. Ledgerwood, Emily D. |
author_sort | Lutz, Michael M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Following reovirus infection, cells activate stress responses that repress canonical translation as a mechanism to limit progeny virion production. Work by others suggests that these stress responses, which are part of the integrated stress response (ISR), may benefit rather than repress reovirus replication. Here, we report that compared to untreated cells, treating cells with sodium arsenite (SA) to activate the ISR prior to infection enhanced viral protein expression, percent infectivity, and viral titer. SA-mediated enhancement was not strain-specific, but was cell-type specific. While SA pre-treatment of cells offered the greatest enhancement, treatment within the first 4 h of infection increased the percent of cells infected. SA activates the heme-regulated eIF2α (HRI) kinase, which phosphorylates eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) to induce stress granule (SG) formation. Heat shock (HS), another activator of HRI, also induced eIF2α phosphorylation and SGs in cells. However, HS had no effect on percent infectivity or viral yield but did enhance viral protein expression. These data suggest that SA pre-treatment perturbs the cell in a way that is beneficial for reovirus and that this enhancement is independent of SG induction. Understanding how to manipulate the cellular stress responses during infection to enhance replication could help to maximize the oncolytic potential of reovirus. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6631071 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-66310712019-08-19 Mammalian orthoreovirus Infection is Enhanced in Cells Pre-Treated with Sodium Arsenite Lutz, Michael M. Worth, Megan P. Hinchman, Meleana M. Parker, John S.L. Ledgerwood, Emily D. Viruses Article Following reovirus infection, cells activate stress responses that repress canonical translation as a mechanism to limit progeny virion production. Work by others suggests that these stress responses, which are part of the integrated stress response (ISR), may benefit rather than repress reovirus replication. Here, we report that compared to untreated cells, treating cells with sodium arsenite (SA) to activate the ISR prior to infection enhanced viral protein expression, percent infectivity, and viral titer. SA-mediated enhancement was not strain-specific, but was cell-type specific. While SA pre-treatment of cells offered the greatest enhancement, treatment within the first 4 h of infection increased the percent of cells infected. SA activates the heme-regulated eIF2α (HRI) kinase, which phosphorylates eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) to induce stress granule (SG) formation. Heat shock (HS), another activator of HRI, also induced eIF2α phosphorylation and SGs in cells. However, HS had no effect on percent infectivity or viral yield but did enhance viral protein expression. These data suggest that SA pre-treatment perturbs the cell in a way that is beneficial for reovirus and that this enhancement is independent of SG induction. Understanding how to manipulate the cellular stress responses during infection to enhance replication could help to maximize the oncolytic potential of reovirus. MDPI 2019-06-18 /pmc/articles/PMC6631071/ /pubmed/31216693 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11060563 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Lutz, Michael M. Worth, Megan P. Hinchman, Meleana M. Parker, John S.L. Ledgerwood, Emily D. Mammalian orthoreovirus Infection is Enhanced in Cells Pre-Treated with Sodium Arsenite |
title | Mammalian orthoreovirus Infection is Enhanced in Cells Pre-Treated with Sodium Arsenite |
title_full | Mammalian orthoreovirus Infection is Enhanced in Cells Pre-Treated with Sodium Arsenite |
title_fullStr | Mammalian orthoreovirus Infection is Enhanced in Cells Pre-Treated with Sodium Arsenite |
title_full_unstemmed | Mammalian orthoreovirus Infection is Enhanced in Cells Pre-Treated with Sodium Arsenite |
title_short | Mammalian orthoreovirus Infection is Enhanced in Cells Pre-Treated with Sodium Arsenite |
title_sort | mammalian orthoreovirus infection is enhanced in cells pre-treated with sodium arsenite |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6631071/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31216693 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11060563 |
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