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Dynamic Measurements Using FDM 3D-Printed Embedded Strain Sensors

3D-printing technology is opening up new possibilities for the co-printing of sensory elements. While quasi-static research has shown promise, the dynamic performance has yet to be researched. This study researched smart 3D structures with embedded and printed sensory elements. The embedded strain s...

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Autores principales: Maurizi, Marco, Slavič, Janko, Cianetti, Filippo, Jerman, Marko, Valentinčič, Joško, Lebar, Andrej, Boltežar, Miha
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6631479/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31212852
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19122661
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author Maurizi, Marco
Slavič, Janko
Cianetti, Filippo
Jerman, Marko
Valentinčič, Joško
Lebar, Andrej
Boltežar, Miha
author_facet Maurizi, Marco
Slavič, Janko
Cianetti, Filippo
Jerman, Marko
Valentinčič, Joško
Lebar, Andrej
Boltežar, Miha
author_sort Maurizi, Marco
collection PubMed
description 3D-printing technology is opening up new possibilities for the co-printing of sensory elements. While quasi-static research has shown promise, the dynamic performance has yet to be researched. This study researched smart 3D structures with embedded and printed sensory elements. The embedded strain sensor was based on the conductive PLA (Polylactic Acid) material. The research was focused on dynamic measurements of the strain and considered the theoretical background of the piezoresistivity of conductive PLA materials, the temperature effects, the nonlinearities, the dynamic range, the electromagnetic sensitivity and the frequency range. A quasi-static calibration used in the dynamic measurements was proposed. It was shown that the temperature effects were negligible, the sensory element was linear as long as the structure had a linear response, the dynamic range started at ∼ 30 [Formula: see text] and broadband performance was in the range of few kHz (depending on the size of the printed sensor). The promising results support future applications of smart 3D-printed systems with embedded sensory elements being used for dynamic measurements in areas where currently piezo-crystal-based sensors are used.
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spelling pubmed-66314792019-08-19 Dynamic Measurements Using FDM 3D-Printed Embedded Strain Sensors Maurizi, Marco Slavič, Janko Cianetti, Filippo Jerman, Marko Valentinčič, Joško Lebar, Andrej Boltežar, Miha Sensors (Basel) Article 3D-printing technology is opening up new possibilities for the co-printing of sensory elements. While quasi-static research has shown promise, the dynamic performance has yet to be researched. This study researched smart 3D structures with embedded and printed sensory elements. The embedded strain sensor was based on the conductive PLA (Polylactic Acid) material. The research was focused on dynamic measurements of the strain and considered the theoretical background of the piezoresistivity of conductive PLA materials, the temperature effects, the nonlinearities, the dynamic range, the electromagnetic sensitivity and the frequency range. A quasi-static calibration used in the dynamic measurements was proposed. It was shown that the temperature effects were negligible, the sensory element was linear as long as the structure had a linear response, the dynamic range started at ∼ 30 [Formula: see text] and broadband performance was in the range of few kHz (depending on the size of the printed sensor). The promising results support future applications of smart 3D-printed systems with embedded sensory elements being used for dynamic measurements in areas where currently piezo-crystal-based sensors are used. MDPI 2019-06-12 /pmc/articles/PMC6631479/ /pubmed/31212852 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19122661 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Maurizi, Marco
Slavič, Janko
Cianetti, Filippo
Jerman, Marko
Valentinčič, Joško
Lebar, Andrej
Boltežar, Miha
Dynamic Measurements Using FDM 3D-Printed Embedded Strain Sensors
title Dynamic Measurements Using FDM 3D-Printed Embedded Strain Sensors
title_full Dynamic Measurements Using FDM 3D-Printed Embedded Strain Sensors
title_fullStr Dynamic Measurements Using FDM 3D-Printed Embedded Strain Sensors
title_full_unstemmed Dynamic Measurements Using FDM 3D-Printed Embedded Strain Sensors
title_short Dynamic Measurements Using FDM 3D-Printed Embedded Strain Sensors
title_sort dynamic measurements using fdm 3d-printed embedded strain sensors
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6631479/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31212852
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19122661
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