Comparative Study on Constitutive Models for 21-4N Heat Resistant Steel during High Temperature Deformation

The Gleeble-1500D thermal simulation test machine was used to conduct the isothermal compression test on 21-4N at the strain rate ([Formula: see text]) of 0.01–10 s(−1), the deformation temperature (T) of 1273–1453 K and the maximum deformation is 0.916. The data of the stress-strain (σ-ε) were obtained. Based on the σ-ε data, the Johnson-Cook (J-C), modified J-C, Arrhenius and Back-Propagation Artificial Neural Network (BP-ANN) models were established. The accuracy of four models were verified, analyzed and compared. The results show that J-C model has a higher accuracy only under reference deformation conditions. When the deformation condition changes greatly, the accuracy of J-C model is significantly reduced. The coupling effect of T and [Formula: see text] of modified J-C model is considered, and the prediction accuracy is greatly improved The Arrhenius model introduces Zener-Hollomon (Z) to represent the coupling effect of T and [Formula: see text] , it has a fairly high prediction accuracy. And it can predict flow stress (σ) accurately at different conditions. The accuracy of BP-ANN model is the highest, but its learning rate is low, the learning and memory are unstable. It has no memory for the weights and thresholds of the completed training. So, there are certain limitations of it in use. Finally, a Finite Element Method (FEM) of the isothermal compression experiment for four models were established, and the distribution of the equivalent stress field, equivalent strain field and temperature field with the deformation degree of 60% were obtained.