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Respiratory Illness in a Piggery Associated with the First Identified Outbreak of Swine Influenza in Australia: Assessing the Risk to Human Health and Zoonotic Potential

Australia was previously believed to be free of enzootic swine influenza viruses due strict quarantine practices and use of biosecure breeding facilities. The first proven Australian outbreak of swine influenza occurred in Western Australian in 2012, revealing an unrecognized zoonotic risk, and a po...

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Autores principales: Smith, David W., Barr, Ian G., Loh, Richmond, Levy, Avram, Tempone, Simone, O’Dea, Mark, Watson, James, Wong, Frank Y. K., Effler, Paul V.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6632059/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31242646
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed4020096
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author Smith, David W.
Barr, Ian G.
Loh, Richmond
Levy, Avram
Tempone, Simone
O’Dea, Mark
Watson, James
Wong, Frank Y. K.
Effler, Paul V.
author_facet Smith, David W.
Barr, Ian G.
Loh, Richmond
Levy, Avram
Tempone, Simone
O’Dea, Mark
Watson, James
Wong, Frank Y. K.
Effler, Paul V.
author_sort Smith, David W.
collection PubMed
description Australia was previously believed to be free of enzootic swine influenza viruses due strict quarantine practices and use of biosecure breeding facilities. The first proven Australian outbreak of swine influenza occurred in Western Australian in 2012, revealing an unrecognized zoonotic risk, and a potential future pandemic threat. A public health investigation was undertaken to determine whether zoonotic infections had occurred and to reduce the risk of further transmission between humans and swine. A program of monitoring, testing, treatment, and vaccination was commenced, and a serosurvey of workers was also undertaken. No acute infections with the swine influenza viruses were detected. Serosurvey results were difficult to interpret due to previous influenza infections and past and current vaccinations. However, several workers had elevated haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody levels to the swine influenza viruses that could not be attributed to vaccination or infection with contemporaneous seasonal influenza A viruses. However, we lacked a suitable control population, so this was inconclusive. The experience was valuable in developing better protocols for managing outbreaks at the human–animal interface. Strict adherence to biosecurity practices, and ongoing monitoring of swine and their human contacts is important to mitigate pandemic risk. Strain specific serological assays would greatly assist in identifying zoonotic transmission.
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spelling pubmed-66320592019-08-19 Respiratory Illness in a Piggery Associated with the First Identified Outbreak of Swine Influenza in Australia: Assessing the Risk to Human Health and Zoonotic Potential Smith, David W. Barr, Ian G. Loh, Richmond Levy, Avram Tempone, Simone O’Dea, Mark Watson, James Wong, Frank Y. K. Effler, Paul V. Trop Med Infect Dis Article Australia was previously believed to be free of enzootic swine influenza viruses due strict quarantine practices and use of biosecure breeding facilities. The first proven Australian outbreak of swine influenza occurred in Western Australian in 2012, revealing an unrecognized zoonotic risk, and a potential future pandemic threat. A public health investigation was undertaken to determine whether zoonotic infections had occurred and to reduce the risk of further transmission between humans and swine. A program of monitoring, testing, treatment, and vaccination was commenced, and a serosurvey of workers was also undertaken. No acute infections with the swine influenza viruses were detected. Serosurvey results were difficult to interpret due to previous influenza infections and past and current vaccinations. However, several workers had elevated haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody levels to the swine influenza viruses that could not be attributed to vaccination or infection with contemporaneous seasonal influenza A viruses. However, we lacked a suitable control population, so this was inconclusive. The experience was valuable in developing better protocols for managing outbreaks at the human–animal interface. Strict adherence to biosecurity practices, and ongoing monitoring of swine and their human contacts is important to mitigate pandemic risk. Strain specific serological assays would greatly assist in identifying zoonotic transmission. MDPI 2019-06-25 /pmc/articles/PMC6632059/ /pubmed/31242646 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed4020096 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Smith, David W.
Barr, Ian G.
Loh, Richmond
Levy, Avram
Tempone, Simone
O’Dea, Mark
Watson, James
Wong, Frank Y. K.
Effler, Paul V.
Respiratory Illness in a Piggery Associated with the First Identified Outbreak of Swine Influenza in Australia: Assessing the Risk to Human Health and Zoonotic Potential
title Respiratory Illness in a Piggery Associated with the First Identified Outbreak of Swine Influenza in Australia: Assessing the Risk to Human Health and Zoonotic Potential
title_full Respiratory Illness in a Piggery Associated with the First Identified Outbreak of Swine Influenza in Australia: Assessing the Risk to Human Health and Zoonotic Potential
title_fullStr Respiratory Illness in a Piggery Associated with the First Identified Outbreak of Swine Influenza in Australia: Assessing the Risk to Human Health and Zoonotic Potential
title_full_unstemmed Respiratory Illness in a Piggery Associated with the First Identified Outbreak of Swine Influenza in Australia: Assessing the Risk to Human Health and Zoonotic Potential
title_short Respiratory Illness in a Piggery Associated with the First Identified Outbreak of Swine Influenza in Australia: Assessing the Risk to Human Health and Zoonotic Potential
title_sort respiratory illness in a piggery associated with the first identified outbreak of swine influenza in australia: assessing the risk to human health and zoonotic potential
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6632059/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31242646
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed4020096
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