The Role of Low-Intensity Biostimulation Laser Therapy in Transforming Growth Factor β1, Bone Alkaline Phosphatase and Osteocalcin Expression during Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Cavia porcellus

Objective The aim of this study is to analyze the low-intensity laser therapy (LILT) biostimulation mechanism as adjuvant therapy within orthodontic treatment as a means of accelerating bone remodeling by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and osteocalcin (OSC) expression. Materials and Methods An analytical experimental method incorporating a posttest only randomized the control group design. The sample consisted of 24 3- to 4-month-old male Cavia porcellus weighing between 300 and 500 g divided into three groups (group 1: control, group 2: received orthodontic treatment, and group 3: received orthodontic treatment with irradiation LILT). LILT biostimulation at a dose of 4 joule/cm (2) was performed daily for 3 min on the mesial-distal labial-palatal of the first dextra and sinistra incisor for 2 weeks. The TGF-β1, BALP, and OSC expression was subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. An analysis of variance with multiple comparison, a Tukey's honestly significant difference test, a Kruskal–Wallis test, and a Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test were all performed ( p < 0.05). Results TGF-β1 expression was significantly different ( p = 0.047; p < 0.05) in the tension area, but not in the compression side ( p = 0.154; p > 0.05). BALP expression was significantly different in both the tension ( p = 0.009) and compression areas ( p = 0.005; p < 0.05). OSC expression was significantly different ( p = 0.034; p < 0.05) in the tension side, but not in the compression area ( p = 1.194; p > 0.05). Conclusion LILT biostimulation can increase TGF-β1, BALP, and OSC expression during orthodontic tooth movement.