Effects of weight change on apolipoprotein B-containing emerging atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Non-high-density (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-particle number, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), and small-dense (sdLDL) and large-buoyant (lbLDL) LDL-subfractions are emerging apo B-containing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk facto...

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Autores principales: Dansinger, Michael L., Williams, Paul T., Superko, H. Robert, Schaefer, Ernst J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6636168/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31311555
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12944-019-1094-4
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author Dansinger, Michael L.
Williams, Paul T.
Superko, H. Robert
Schaefer, Ernst J.
author_facet Dansinger, Michael L.
Williams, Paul T.
Superko, H. Robert
Schaefer, Ernst J.
author_sort Dansinger, Michael L.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Non-high-density (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-particle number, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), and small-dense (sdLDL) and large-buoyant (lbLDL) LDL-subfractions are emerging apo B-containing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors. Current guidelines emphasize lifestyle, including weight loss, for ASCVD risk management. Whether weight change affects these emerging risk factors beyond that predicted by traditional triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol measurements remains to be determined. METHOD: Regression analyses of fasting ∆apo B-containing lipoproteins vs. ∆BMI were examined in a large anonymized clinical laboratory database of 33,165 subjects who did not report use of lipid-lowering medications. Regression slopes (±SE) were estimated as: *∆mmol/L per ∆kg/m(2), (†)∆g/L per ∆kg/m(2), (‡)∆% per ∆kg/m(2), and (§)∆μmol/L per ∆kg/m(2). RESULTS: When adjusted for age, ∆BMI was significantly related to ∆nonHDL-cholesterol (males: 0.0238 ± 0.0041, P = 7.9 × 10(− 9); females: 0.0330 ± 0.0037, P < 10(− 16))*, ∆LDL-particles (males: 0.0128 ± 0.0024, P = 2.1 × 10(− 7); females: 0.0114 ± 0.0022, P = 3.2 × 10(− 7))(*), ∆apo B (males: 0.0053 ± 0.0010, P = 7.9 × 10(− 8); females: 0.0073 ± 0.0009, P = 2.2 × 10(− 16))(†), ∆sdLDL (males: 0.0125 ± 0.0015, P = 2.2 × 10(− 16); females: 0.0128 ± 0.0012, P < 10(− 16))*, ∆percent LDL carried on small dense particles (%sdLDL, males: 0.296 ± 0.035, P < 10(− 16); females: 0.221 ± 0.023, P < 10(− 16))(‡), ∆triglycerides (males: 0.0358 ± 0.0049, P = 2.0 × 10(− 13); females: 0.0304 ± 0.0029, P < 10(− 16))*, and ∆LDL-cholesterol (males: 0.0128 ± 0.0034, P = 0.0002; females: 0.0232 ± 0.0031, P = 1.2 × 10(− 13))* in both males and females. Age-adjusted ∆BMI was significantly related to ∆lbLDL in females (0.0098 ± 0.0024, P = 3.9 × 10(− 5))* but not males (0.0007 ± 0.0026, P = 0.78)*. Female showed significantly greater increases in ∆LDL-cholesterol (P = 0.02) and ∆lbLDL (P = 0.008) per ∆BMI than males. ∆BMI had a greater effect on ∆LDL-cholesterol measured directly than indirect estimate of ∆LDL-cholesterol from the Friedewald equation. When sexes were combined and adjusted for age, sex, ∆triglycerides and ∆LDL-cholesterol, ∆BMI retained residual associations with ∆nonHDL-cholesterol (0.0019 ± 0.0009, P = 0.03)*, ∆LDL-particles (0.0032 ± 0.0010, P = 0.001)*, ∆apo B (0.0010 ± 0.0003, P = 0.0008)(†), ∆Lp(a) (− 0.0091 ± 0.0021, P = 1.2 × 10(− 5))(§), ∆sdLDL (0.0001 ± 0.0000, P = 1.6 × 10(− 11))(*) and ∆%sdLDL (0.151 ± 0.018, P < 10(− 16)) (‡). CONCLUSIONS: Emerging apo B-containing risk factors show associations with weight change beyond those explained by the more traditional triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol measurements. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-019-1094-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-66361682019-07-25 Effects of weight change on apolipoprotein B-containing emerging atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors Dansinger, Michael L. Williams, Paul T. Superko, H. Robert Schaefer, Ernst J. Lipids Health Dis Research BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Non-high-density (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-particle number, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), and small-dense (sdLDL) and large-buoyant (lbLDL) LDL-subfractions are emerging apo B-containing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors. Current guidelines emphasize lifestyle, including weight loss, for ASCVD risk management. Whether weight change affects these emerging risk factors beyond that predicted by traditional triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol measurements remains to be determined. METHOD: Regression analyses of fasting ∆apo B-containing lipoproteins vs. ∆BMI were examined in a large anonymized clinical laboratory database of 33,165 subjects who did not report use of lipid-lowering medications. Regression slopes (±SE) were estimated as: *∆mmol/L per ∆kg/m(2), (†)∆g/L per ∆kg/m(2), (‡)∆% per ∆kg/m(2), and (§)∆μmol/L per ∆kg/m(2). RESULTS: When adjusted for age, ∆BMI was significantly related to ∆nonHDL-cholesterol (males: 0.0238 ± 0.0041, P = 7.9 × 10(− 9); females: 0.0330 ± 0.0037, P < 10(− 16))*, ∆LDL-particles (males: 0.0128 ± 0.0024, P = 2.1 × 10(− 7); females: 0.0114 ± 0.0022, P = 3.2 × 10(− 7))(*), ∆apo B (males: 0.0053 ± 0.0010, P = 7.9 × 10(− 8); females: 0.0073 ± 0.0009, P = 2.2 × 10(− 16))(†), ∆sdLDL (males: 0.0125 ± 0.0015, P = 2.2 × 10(− 16); females: 0.0128 ± 0.0012, P < 10(− 16))*, ∆percent LDL carried on small dense particles (%sdLDL, males: 0.296 ± 0.035, P < 10(− 16); females: 0.221 ± 0.023, P < 10(− 16))(‡), ∆triglycerides (males: 0.0358 ± 0.0049, P = 2.0 × 10(− 13); females: 0.0304 ± 0.0029, P < 10(− 16))*, and ∆LDL-cholesterol (males: 0.0128 ± 0.0034, P = 0.0002; females: 0.0232 ± 0.0031, P = 1.2 × 10(− 13))* in both males and females. Age-adjusted ∆BMI was significantly related to ∆lbLDL in females (0.0098 ± 0.0024, P = 3.9 × 10(− 5))* but not males (0.0007 ± 0.0026, P = 0.78)*. Female showed significantly greater increases in ∆LDL-cholesterol (P = 0.02) and ∆lbLDL (P = 0.008) per ∆BMI than males. ∆BMI had a greater effect on ∆LDL-cholesterol measured directly than indirect estimate of ∆LDL-cholesterol from the Friedewald equation. When sexes were combined and adjusted for age, sex, ∆triglycerides and ∆LDL-cholesterol, ∆BMI retained residual associations with ∆nonHDL-cholesterol (0.0019 ± 0.0009, P = 0.03)*, ∆LDL-particles (0.0032 ± 0.0010, P = 0.001)*, ∆apo B (0.0010 ± 0.0003, P = 0.0008)(†), ∆Lp(a) (− 0.0091 ± 0.0021, P = 1.2 × 10(− 5))(§), ∆sdLDL (0.0001 ± 0.0000, P = 1.6 × 10(− 11))(*) and ∆%sdLDL (0.151 ± 0.018, P < 10(− 16)) (‡). CONCLUSIONS: Emerging apo B-containing risk factors show associations with weight change beyond those explained by the more traditional triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol measurements. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-019-1094-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2019-07-17 /pmc/articles/PMC6636168/ /pubmed/31311555 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12944-019-1094-4 Text en © The Author(s). 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research
Dansinger, Michael L.
Williams, Paul T.
Superko, H. Robert
Schaefer, Ernst J.
Effects of weight change on apolipoprotein B-containing emerging atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors
title Effects of weight change on apolipoprotein B-containing emerging atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors
title_full Effects of weight change on apolipoprotein B-containing emerging atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors
title_fullStr Effects of weight change on apolipoprotein B-containing emerging atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors
title_full_unstemmed Effects of weight change on apolipoprotein B-containing emerging atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors
title_short Effects of weight change on apolipoprotein B-containing emerging atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors
title_sort effects of weight change on apolipoprotein b-containing emerging atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ascvd) risk factors
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6636168/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31311555
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12944-019-1094-4
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