Determinants of chronic energy deficiency among adults living with HIV in Shebel Berenta District, East Gojjam, Amhara region, North West Ethiopia, 2017: case control study

OBJECTIVE: To assess determinants of chronic energy deficiency in adults living with HIV in Shebel Berenta District Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) site health centers, East Gojjam, Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2017. An institutional based unmatched case control study design was employed and simple random sampling was used to select the desired sample size for both cases and controls. Data were entered to Epi-Data 3.1, exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the determinants of chronic energy malnutrition among Human Immune Deficiency Virus positive adult patients. RESULTS: A total of 473 (118 cases and 355 controls) People Living with Human Immune Deficiency Virus (PLHIV) adult patients were participated. PLHIV who started ART at world health organization (WHO) clinical stage I (AOR: 0.285, CI 0.10, 0.81), rural residents (AOR: 0.38, CI 0.17, 0.83), had family size ≤ 3 (AOR: 0.114, CI 0.03, 0.48) and changed their feeding style (AOR: 0.075, CI 0.038, 0.150) decreased the risk of chronic energy deficiency. However, the baseline CD4 cell < 200/mm(3) (AOR: 13.398; CI 4.83, 37.19), monthly family income ≤ 500 Ethiopia Birr (AOR: 6.9, CI 1.07, 44.62) and interrupted treatment (AOR: 2.28, CI 1.02, 5.09) were increasing the risk of chronic energy deficiency. Therefore; the government and partners should focus on the above determinants to improve the nutritional status of the clients.