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GPCRs in Autocrine and Paracrine Regulations
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest superfamily of integral membrane protein receptors. As signal detectors, the several 100 known GPCRs are responsible for sensing the plethora of endogenous ligands that are critical for the functioning of our endocrine system. Although GPCRs...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6639758/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31354618 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00428 |
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author | Tse, Lap Hang Wong, Yung Hou |
author_facet | Tse, Lap Hang Wong, Yung Hou |
author_sort | Tse, Lap Hang |
collection | PubMed |
description | G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest superfamily of integral membrane protein receptors. As signal detectors, the several 100 known GPCRs are responsible for sensing the plethora of endogenous ligands that are critical for the functioning of our endocrine system. Although GPCRs are typically considered as detectors for first messengers in classical signal transduction pathways, they seldom operate in isolation in complex biological systems. Intercellular communication between identical or different cell types is often mediated by autocrine or paracrine signals that are generated upon activation of specific GPCRs. In the context of energy homeostasis, the distinct complement of GPCRs in each cell type bridges the autocrine and paracrine communication within an organ, and the various downstream signaling mechanisms regulated by GPCRs can be integrated in a cell to produce an ultimate output. GPCRs thus act as gatekeepers that coordinate and fine-tune a response. By examining the role of GPCRs in activating and receiving autocrine and paracrine signals, one may have a better understanding of endocrine diseases that are associated with GPCR mutations, thereby providing new insights for treatment regimes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6639758 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-66397582019-07-26 GPCRs in Autocrine and Paracrine Regulations Tse, Lap Hang Wong, Yung Hou Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Endocrinology G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest superfamily of integral membrane protein receptors. As signal detectors, the several 100 known GPCRs are responsible for sensing the plethora of endogenous ligands that are critical for the functioning of our endocrine system. Although GPCRs are typically considered as detectors for first messengers in classical signal transduction pathways, they seldom operate in isolation in complex biological systems. Intercellular communication between identical or different cell types is often mediated by autocrine or paracrine signals that are generated upon activation of specific GPCRs. In the context of energy homeostasis, the distinct complement of GPCRs in each cell type bridges the autocrine and paracrine communication within an organ, and the various downstream signaling mechanisms regulated by GPCRs can be integrated in a cell to produce an ultimate output. GPCRs thus act as gatekeepers that coordinate and fine-tune a response. By examining the role of GPCRs in activating and receiving autocrine and paracrine signals, one may have a better understanding of endocrine diseases that are associated with GPCR mutations, thereby providing new insights for treatment regimes. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-07-12 /pmc/articles/PMC6639758/ /pubmed/31354618 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00428 Text en Copyright © 2019 Tse and Wong. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Endocrinology Tse, Lap Hang Wong, Yung Hou GPCRs in Autocrine and Paracrine Regulations |
title | GPCRs in Autocrine and Paracrine Regulations |
title_full | GPCRs in Autocrine and Paracrine Regulations |
title_fullStr | GPCRs in Autocrine and Paracrine Regulations |
title_full_unstemmed | GPCRs in Autocrine and Paracrine Regulations |
title_short | GPCRs in Autocrine and Paracrine Regulations |
title_sort | gpcrs in autocrine and paracrine regulations |
topic | Endocrinology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6639758/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31354618 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00428 |
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