Comparison of Sedation between Dexmedetomidine and Propofol During Transesophageal Echocardiography: A Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare sedation characteristics of dexmedetomidine (Dex) and propofol during transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in cardiac patients. METHODS: This clinical trial was conducted on 65 cardiac patients, who underwent TEE in a referral heart hospital. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: Dex (n = 34) and propofol (n = 31). The depth of sedation in the patients was assessed at 5-min intervals until the end of the TEE examination. The patient, physicians’ satisfaction was recorded. Furthermore, blood pressure, heart and respiratory rates, peripheral oxygen saturation, and the bispectral index (BIS) of the patients were measured. The occurrence of apnea, hypotension or bradycardia was documented. RESULTS: Demographic variables were similar in both groups. Time from the beginning of sedation to the start of TEE was significantly longer in the Dex group (P = 0.01). Duration of the TEE examination was not different between the two groups. Interestingly, the recovery time was shorter in the Dex group than in the propofol group. There were no significant differences regarding patient and physician satisfaction with sedation quality. Hemodynamic profile was mainly similar in both groups. There was a significantly lower BIS level in the Dex group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of apnea or hypotension between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Time from the beginning of sedation with Dex was longer than that with propofol. However, Dex was able to provide satisfactory sedation levels, hemodynamic stability, short recovery time, and acceptable patient and practitioner satisfaction during TEE in our cardiac patients.