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Binocular Summation and Suppression of Contrast Sensitivity in Strabismus, Fusion and Amblyopia
Purpose: Amblyopia and strabismus affect 2%–5% of the population and cause a broad range of visual deficits. The response to treatment is generally assessed using visual acuity, which is an insensitive measure of visual function and may, therefore, underestimate binocular vision gains in these patie...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6640006/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31354452 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2019.00234 |
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author | Dorr, Michael Kwon, MiYoung Lesmes, Luis Andres Miller, Alexandra Kazlas, Melanie Chan, Kimberley Hunter, David G. Lu, Zhong-Lin Bex, Peter J. |
author_facet | Dorr, Michael Kwon, MiYoung Lesmes, Luis Andres Miller, Alexandra Kazlas, Melanie Chan, Kimberley Hunter, David G. Lu, Zhong-Lin Bex, Peter J. |
author_sort | Dorr, Michael |
collection | PubMed |
description | Purpose: Amblyopia and strabismus affect 2%–5% of the population and cause a broad range of visual deficits. The response to treatment is generally assessed using visual acuity, which is an insensitive measure of visual function and may, therefore, underestimate binocular vision gains in these patients. On the other hand, the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) generally takes longer to assess than visual acuity, but it is better correlated with improvement in a range of visual tasks and, notably, with improvements in binocular vision. The present study aims to assess monocular and binocular CSFs in amblyopia and strabismus patients. Methods: Both monocular CSFs and the binocular CSF were assessed for subjects with amblyopia (n = 11), strabismus without amblyopia (n = 20), and normally sighted controls (n = 24) using a tablet-based implementation of the quick CSF, which can assess a full CSF in <3 min. Binocular summation was evaluated against a baseline model of simple probability summation. Results: The CSF of amblyopic eyes was impaired at mid-to-high spatial frequencies compared to fellow eyes, strabismic eyes without amblyopia, and control eyes. Binocular contrast summation exceeded probability summation in controls, but not in subjects with amblyopia (with or without strabismus) or strabismus without amblyopia who were able to fuse at the test distance. Binocular summation was less than probability summation in strabismic subjects who were unable to fuse. Conclusions: We conclude that monocular and binocular contrast sensitivity deficits define important characteristics of amblyopia and strabismus that are not captured by visual acuity alone and can be measured efficiently using the quick CSF. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6640006 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-66400062019-07-26 Binocular Summation and Suppression of Contrast Sensitivity in Strabismus, Fusion and Amblyopia Dorr, Michael Kwon, MiYoung Lesmes, Luis Andres Miller, Alexandra Kazlas, Melanie Chan, Kimberley Hunter, David G. Lu, Zhong-Lin Bex, Peter J. Front Hum Neurosci Neuroscience Purpose: Amblyopia and strabismus affect 2%–5% of the population and cause a broad range of visual deficits. The response to treatment is generally assessed using visual acuity, which is an insensitive measure of visual function and may, therefore, underestimate binocular vision gains in these patients. On the other hand, the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) generally takes longer to assess than visual acuity, but it is better correlated with improvement in a range of visual tasks and, notably, with improvements in binocular vision. The present study aims to assess monocular and binocular CSFs in amblyopia and strabismus patients. Methods: Both monocular CSFs and the binocular CSF were assessed for subjects with amblyopia (n = 11), strabismus without amblyopia (n = 20), and normally sighted controls (n = 24) using a tablet-based implementation of the quick CSF, which can assess a full CSF in <3 min. Binocular summation was evaluated against a baseline model of simple probability summation. Results: The CSF of amblyopic eyes was impaired at mid-to-high spatial frequencies compared to fellow eyes, strabismic eyes without amblyopia, and control eyes. Binocular contrast summation exceeded probability summation in controls, but not in subjects with amblyopia (with or without strabismus) or strabismus without amblyopia who were able to fuse at the test distance. Binocular summation was less than probability summation in strabismic subjects who were unable to fuse. Conclusions: We conclude that monocular and binocular contrast sensitivity deficits define important characteristics of amblyopia and strabismus that are not captured by visual acuity alone and can be measured efficiently using the quick CSF. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-07-12 /pmc/articles/PMC6640006/ /pubmed/31354452 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2019.00234 Text en Copyright © 2019 Dorr, Kwon, Lesmes, Miller, Kazlas, Chan, Hunter, Lu and Bex. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Dorr, Michael Kwon, MiYoung Lesmes, Luis Andres Miller, Alexandra Kazlas, Melanie Chan, Kimberley Hunter, David G. Lu, Zhong-Lin Bex, Peter J. Binocular Summation and Suppression of Contrast Sensitivity in Strabismus, Fusion and Amblyopia |
title | Binocular Summation and Suppression of Contrast Sensitivity in Strabismus, Fusion and Amblyopia |
title_full | Binocular Summation and Suppression of Contrast Sensitivity in Strabismus, Fusion and Amblyopia |
title_fullStr | Binocular Summation and Suppression of Contrast Sensitivity in Strabismus, Fusion and Amblyopia |
title_full_unstemmed | Binocular Summation and Suppression of Contrast Sensitivity in Strabismus, Fusion and Amblyopia |
title_short | Binocular Summation and Suppression of Contrast Sensitivity in Strabismus, Fusion and Amblyopia |
title_sort | binocular summation and suppression of contrast sensitivity in strabismus, fusion and amblyopia |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6640006/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31354452 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2019.00234 |
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