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N-Alkylated 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane–Polyethylene Glycol Melt as Deep Eutectic Solvent for the Synthesis of Fisher Indoles and 1H-Tetrazoles
[Image: see text] 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO)-based ionic liquids (ILs) 2–4 were synthesized by the N-alkylation of DABCO using alkyl halides of varying chain lengths (C(2), C(5), and C(7)). The N-alkylated DABCO-ILs were mixed with polyethylene glycols (PEGs) of varying molar masses as hy...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Chemical Society
2017
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6641132/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31457624 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.7b00618 |
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author | Ali Ghumro, Sarfaraz Alharthy, Rima D. al-Rashida, Mariya Ahmed, Shakil Malik, Muhammad Imran Hameed, Abdul |
author_facet | Ali Ghumro, Sarfaraz Alharthy, Rima D. al-Rashida, Mariya Ahmed, Shakil Malik, Muhammad Imran Hameed, Abdul |
author_sort | Ali Ghumro, Sarfaraz |
collection | PubMed |
description | [Image: see text] 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO)-based ionic liquids (ILs) 2–4 were synthesized by the N-alkylation of DABCO using alkyl halides of varying chain lengths (C(2), C(5), and C(7)). The N-alkylated DABCO-ILs were mixed with polyethylene glycols (PEGs) of varying molar masses as hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) to prepare new deep eutectic solvents (DESs). These DABCO–PEG-based DESs were successfully employed for the synthesis of a variety of indoles 7a–7h (by Fischer indole synthesis) and 1H-tetrazoles 9a–9i (by click chemistry). For comparison, DESs of DABCO-ILs with different alcohols (as HBD) were also prepared and investigated for the synthesis of indoles. Although comparable yields were observed in DES-containing alcohols and PEGs, the use of PEG as HBD in DES (as an alternative to alcohols) provides a much safer, nonvolatile, and environmentally benign reaction medium for synthetic reactions. The first successful application of PEG-polymer-based DES as benign reaction media for organic syntheses offers exciting opportunities to be explored in the realm of green synthesis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6641132 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | American Chemical Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-66411322019-08-27 N-Alkylated 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane–Polyethylene Glycol Melt as Deep Eutectic Solvent for the Synthesis of Fisher Indoles and 1H-Tetrazoles Ali Ghumro, Sarfaraz Alharthy, Rima D. al-Rashida, Mariya Ahmed, Shakil Malik, Muhammad Imran Hameed, Abdul ACS Omega [Image: see text] 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO)-based ionic liquids (ILs) 2–4 were synthesized by the N-alkylation of DABCO using alkyl halides of varying chain lengths (C(2), C(5), and C(7)). The N-alkylated DABCO-ILs were mixed with polyethylene glycols (PEGs) of varying molar masses as hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) to prepare new deep eutectic solvents (DESs). These DABCO–PEG-based DESs were successfully employed for the synthesis of a variety of indoles 7a–7h (by Fischer indole synthesis) and 1H-tetrazoles 9a–9i (by click chemistry). For comparison, DESs of DABCO-ILs with different alcohols (as HBD) were also prepared and investigated for the synthesis of indoles. Although comparable yields were observed in DES-containing alcohols and PEGs, the use of PEG as HBD in DES (as an alternative to alcohols) provides a much safer, nonvolatile, and environmentally benign reaction medium for synthetic reactions. The first successful application of PEG-polymer-based DES as benign reaction media for organic syntheses offers exciting opportunities to be explored in the realm of green synthesis. American Chemical Society 2017-06-22 /pmc/articles/PMC6641132/ /pubmed/31457624 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.7b00618 Text en Copyright © 2017 American Chemical Society This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License (http://pubs.acs.org/page/policy/authorchoice_termsofuse.html) , which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes. |
spellingShingle | Ali Ghumro, Sarfaraz Alharthy, Rima D. al-Rashida, Mariya Ahmed, Shakil Malik, Muhammad Imran Hameed, Abdul N-Alkylated 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane–Polyethylene Glycol Melt as Deep Eutectic Solvent for the Synthesis of Fisher Indoles and 1H-Tetrazoles |
title | N-Alkylated 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane–Polyethylene
Glycol Melt as Deep Eutectic Solvent for the Synthesis of Fisher Indoles
and 1H-Tetrazoles |
title_full | N-Alkylated 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane–Polyethylene
Glycol Melt as Deep Eutectic Solvent for the Synthesis of Fisher Indoles
and 1H-Tetrazoles |
title_fullStr | N-Alkylated 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane–Polyethylene
Glycol Melt as Deep Eutectic Solvent for the Synthesis of Fisher Indoles
and 1H-Tetrazoles |
title_full_unstemmed | N-Alkylated 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane–Polyethylene
Glycol Melt as Deep Eutectic Solvent for the Synthesis of Fisher Indoles
and 1H-Tetrazoles |
title_short | N-Alkylated 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane–Polyethylene
Glycol Melt as Deep Eutectic Solvent for the Synthesis of Fisher Indoles
and 1H-Tetrazoles |
title_sort | n-alkylated 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane–polyethylene
glycol melt as deep eutectic solvent for the synthesis of fisher indoles
and 1h-tetrazoles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6641132/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31457624 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.7b00618 |
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