Dual Wet and Dry Resilient Cellulose II Fibrous Aerogel for Hydrocarbon–Water Separation and Energy Storage Applications

[Image: see text] Cellulose fibrous aerogels have been fabricated by a facile and aqueous process that disintegrated electrospun cellulose fibers (ECFs) and reassembled via freezing/freeze-drying with significantly improved dry resiliency and spontaneous 89% shape recovery from ca. 70% compressive strain. Owing to the resilient and 200–300 nm wide ECFs, the cellulose fibrous aerogels exhibited excellent dual dry and wet resiliency as well as improved pore accessibility. The fibrous cellular walls interconnect the aerogel pore structure to allow extraordinary liquid absorption capacity up to 373 g/g, accounting for 95% of the theoretical absorption capacity. Both highly dry resilient and absorbent properties of the ECF aerogel are highly advantageous for hydrocarbon/oil contamination removal and for hydrocarbon/water separation applications. In addition, the ECF aerogel could be carbonized into carbon aerogel in supercapacitors for energy storage.