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A systematic review of the epidemiology of hepatitis A in Africa
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis A, caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), is a vaccine preventable disease. In Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), poor hygiene and sanitation conditions are the main risk factors contributing to HAV infection. There have been, however, notable improvements in hygiene and...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6647100/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31331281 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4235-5 |
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author | Patterson, Jenna Abdullahi, Leila Hussey, Gregory D. Muloiwa, Rudzani Kagina, Benjamin M. |
author_facet | Patterson, Jenna Abdullahi, Leila Hussey, Gregory D. Muloiwa, Rudzani Kagina, Benjamin M. |
author_sort | Patterson, Jenna |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Hepatitis A, caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), is a vaccine preventable disease. In Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), poor hygiene and sanitation conditions are the main risk factors contributing to HAV infection. There have been, however, notable improvements in hygiene and sanitation conditions in many LMICs. As a result, there are studies showing a possible transition of some LMICs from high to intermediate HAV endemicity. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that countries should routinely collect, analyse and review local factors (including disease burden) to guide the development of hepatitis A vaccination programs. Up-to-date information on hepatitis A burden is, therefore, critical in aiding the development of country-specific recommendations on hepatitis A vaccination. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review to present an up-to-date, comprehensive synthesis of hepatitis A epidemiological data in Africa. RESULTS: The main results of this review include: 1) the reported HAV seroprevalence data suggests that Africa, as a whole, should not be considered as a high HAV endemic region; 2) the IgM anti-HAV seroprevalence data showed similar risk of acute hepatitis A infection among all age-groups; 3) South Africa could be experiencing a possible transition from high to intermediate HAV endemicity. The results of this review should be interpreted with caution as the reported data represents research work with significant sociocultural, economic and environmental diversity from 13 out of 54 African countries. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that priority should be given to collecting HAV seroprevalence data and re-assessing the current hepatitis A control strategies in Africa to prevent future disease outbreaks. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-019-4235-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6647100 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-66471002019-07-31 A systematic review of the epidemiology of hepatitis A in Africa Patterson, Jenna Abdullahi, Leila Hussey, Gregory D. Muloiwa, Rudzani Kagina, Benjamin M. BMC Infect Dis Research Article BACKGROUND: Hepatitis A, caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), is a vaccine preventable disease. In Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), poor hygiene and sanitation conditions are the main risk factors contributing to HAV infection. There have been, however, notable improvements in hygiene and sanitation conditions in many LMICs. As a result, there are studies showing a possible transition of some LMICs from high to intermediate HAV endemicity. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that countries should routinely collect, analyse and review local factors (including disease burden) to guide the development of hepatitis A vaccination programs. Up-to-date information on hepatitis A burden is, therefore, critical in aiding the development of country-specific recommendations on hepatitis A vaccination. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review to present an up-to-date, comprehensive synthesis of hepatitis A epidemiological data in Africa. RESULTS: The main results of this review include: 1) the reported HAV seroprevalence data suggests that Africa, as a whole, should not be considered as a high HAV endemic region; 2) the IgM anti-HAV seroprevalence data showed similar risk of acute hepatitis A infection among all age-groups; 3) South Africa could be experiencing a possible transition from high to intermediate HAV endemicity. The results of this review should be interpreted with caution as the reported data represents research work with significant sociocultural, economic and environmental diversity from 13 out of 54 African countries. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that priority should be given to collecting HAV seroprevalence data and re-assessing the current hepatitis A control strategies in Africa to prevent future disease outbreaks. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-019-4235-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2019-07-22 /pmc/articles/PMC6647100/ /pubmed/31331281 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4235-5 Text en © The Author(s). 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Patterson, Jenna Abdullahi, Leila Hussey, Gregory D. Muloiwa, Rudzani Kagina, Benjamin M. A systematic review of the epidemiology of hepatitis A in Africa |
title | A systematic review of the epidemiology of hepatitis A in Africa |
title_full | A systematic review of the epidemiology of hepatitis A in Africa |
title_fullStr | A systematic review of the epidemiology of hepatitis A in Africa |
title_full_unstemmed | A systematic review of the epidemiology of hepatitis A in Africa |
title_short | A systematic review of the epidemiology of hepatitis A in Africa |
title_sort | systematic review of the epidemiology of hepatitis a in africa |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6647100/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31331281 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4235-5 |
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