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Hydrogel of the Supramolecular Complex of Graphene Oxide and Sulfonatocalix[4]arene as Reusable Material for the Degradation of Organic Dyes: Demonstration of Adsorption and Degradation by Spectroscopy and Microscopy
[Image: see text] Industrial modernization causes severe contamination of water resources due to which the presence of organic dyes poses a great threat to human life. To address this, we have synthesized a hydrogel GSCg using graphene oxide (GO), sulphonatocalix[4]arene (SC4a), and l-Cys by heating...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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American Chemical Society
2019
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6648904/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31459726 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b00545 |
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author | Narula, Ashiv Rao, Chebrolu Pulla |
author_facet | Narula, Ashiv Rao, Chebrolu Pulla |
author_sort | Narula, Ashiv |
collection | PubMed |
description | [Image: see text] Industrial modernization causes severe contamination of water resources due to which the presence of organic dyes poses a great threat to human life. To address this, we have synthesized a hydrogel GSCg using graphene oxide (GO), sulphonatocalix[4]arene (SC4a), and l-Cys by heating at 90 °C for 30 min and characterized by analytic, spectroscopy, and microscopy techniques. The GSCg possessing porous structure and adsorbs all three types of dyes, viz., eosin yellow (anionic), neutral red, and methylene blue (cationic), as shown by scanning electron microscopy, and the adsorption kinetics are addressed. The dye adsorbed by the gel (dye@GSCg) has been degraded by the treatment of Cu(2+)/N(2)H(4), which regenerates the gel. The regenerated gel has been demonstrated for further cycles of adsorption followed by degradation. Alternatively, the degradation of the organic dyes was also demonstrated by an in situ approach by taking GO, SC4a, l-Cys, and the organic dye together and subjecting the mixture to hydrothermal conditions and the process leaves out free gel (GSC(g)(d)). This was proven to be true in the case of each of the 12 dyes studied individually and also for their mixture, supporting that this methodology can be employed for large scale purification of contaminated water with high efficiency. GSC(g)(d) was repeatedly used for the adsorption and degradation (with the use of Cu(2+)/N(2)H(4)) cycles wherein the gel does not lose its adsorption capability even after several cycles. Therefore, {GO···SC4a} hybrid is a smart, sustainable, and reusable material suitable for the purification of water contaminated with industrial organic dye effluents. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6648904 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | American Chemical Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-66489042019-08-27 Hydrogel of the Supramolecular Complex of Graphene Oxide and Sulfonatocalix[4]arene as Reusable Material for the Degradation of Organic Dyes: Demonstration of Adsorption and Degradation by Spectroscopy and Microscopy Narula, Ashiv Rao, Chebrolu Pulla ACS Omega [Image: see text] Industrial modernization causes severe contamination of water resources due to which the presence of organic dyes poses a great threat to human life. To address this, we have synthesized a hydrogel GSCg using graphene oxide (GO), sulphonatocalix[4]arene (SC4a), and l-Cys by heating at 90 °C for 30 min and characterized by analytic, spectroscopy, and microscopy techniques. The GSCg possessing porous structure and adsorbs all three types of dyes, viz., eosin yellow (anionic), neutral red, and methylene blue (cationic), as shown by scanning electron microscopy, and the adsorption kinetics are addressed. The dye adsorbed by the gel (dye@GSCg) has been degraded by the treatment of Cu(2+)/N(2)H(4), which regenerates the gel. The regenerated gel has been demonstrated for further cycles of adsorption followed by degradation. Alternatively, the degradation of the organic dyes was also demonstrated by an in situ approach by taking GO, SC4a, l-Cys, and the organic dye together and subjecting the mixture to hydrothermal conditions and the process leaves out free gel (GSC(g)(d)). This was proven to be true in the case of each of the 12 dyes studied individually and also for their mixture, supporting that this methodology can be employed for large scale purification of contaminated water with high efficiency. GSC(g)(d) was repeatedly used for the adsorption and degradation (with the use of Cu(2+)/N(2)H(4)) cycles wherein the gel does not lose its adsorption capability even after several cycles. Therefore, {GO···SC4a} hybrid is a smart, sustainable, and reusable material suitable for the purification of water contaminated with industrial organic dye effluents. American Chemical Society 2019-03-22 /pmc/articles/PMC6648904/ /pubmed/31459726 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b00545 Text en Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License (http://pubs.acs.org/page/policy/authorchoice_termsofuse.html) , which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes. |
spellingShingle | Narula, Ashiv Rao, Chebrolu Pulla Hydrogel of the Supramolecular Complex of Graphene Oxide and Sulfonatocalix[4]arene as Reusable Material for the Degradation of Organic Dyes: Demonstration of Adsorption and Degradation by Spectroscopy and Microscopy |
title | Hydrogel of the Supramolecular Complex of Graphene
Oxide and Sulfonatocalix[4]arene as Reusable Material for the Degradation
of Organic Dyes: Demonstration of Adsorption and Degradation by Spectroscopy
and Microscopy |
title_full | Hydrogel of the Supramolecular Complex of Graphene
Oxide and Sulfonatocalix[4]arene as Reusable Material for the Degradation
of Organic Dyes: Demonstration of Adsorption and Degradation by Spectroscopy
and Microscopy |
title_fullStr | Hydrogel of the Supramolecular Complex of Graphene
Oxide and Sulfonatocalix[4]arene as Reusable Material for the Degradation
of Organic Dyes: Demonstration of Adsorption and Degradation by Spectroscopy
and Microscopy |
title_full_unstemmed | Hydrogel of the Supramolecular Complex of Graphene
Oxide and Sulfonatocalix[4]arene as Reusable Material for the Degradation
of Organic Dyes: Demonstration of Adsorption and Degradation by Spectroscopy
and Microscopy |
title_short | Hydrogel of the Supramolecular Complex of Graphene
Oxide and Sulfonatocalix[4]arene as Reusable Material for the Degradation
of Organic Dyes: Demonstration of Adsorption and Degradation by Spectroscopy
and Microscopy |
title_sort | hydrogel of the supramolecular complex of graphene
oxide and sulfonatocalix[4]arene as reusable material for the degradation
of organic dyes: demonstration of adsorption and degradation by spectroscopy
and microscopy |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6648904/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31459726 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b00545 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT narulaashiv hydrogelofthesupramolecularcomplexofgrapheneoxideandsulfonatocalix4areneasreusablematerialforthedegradationoforganicdyesdemonstrationofadsorptionanddegradationbyspectroscopyandmicroscopy AT raochebrolupulla hydrogelofthesupramolecularcomplexofgrapheneoxideandsulfonatocalix4areneasreusablematerialforthedegradationoforganicdyesdemonstrationofadsorptionanddegradationbyspectroscopyandmicroscopy |