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Hydrogel of the Supramolecular Complex of Graphene Oxide and Sulfonatocalix[4]arene as Reusable Material for the Degradation of Organic Dyes: Demonstration of Adsorption and Degradation by Spectroscopy and Microscopy

[Image: see text] Industrial modernization causes severe contamination of water resources due to which the presence of organic dyes poses a great threat to human life. To address this, we have synthesized a hydrogel GSCg using graphene oxide (GO), sulphonatocalix[4]arene (SC4a), and l-Cys by heating...

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Autores principales: Narula, Ashiv, Rao, Chebrolu Pulla
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Chemical Society 2019
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6648904/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31459726
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b00545
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author Narula, Ashiv
Rao, Chebrolu Pulla
author_facet Narula, Ashiv
Rao, Chebrolu Pulla
author_sort Narula, Ashiv
collection PubMed
description [Image: see text] Industrial modernization causes severe contamination of water resources due to which the presence of organic dyes poses a great threat to human life. To address this, we have synthesized a hydrogel GSCg using graphene oxide (GO), sulphonatocalix[4]arene (SC4a), and l-Cys by heating at 90 °C for 30 min and characterized by analytic, spectroscopy, and microscopy techniques. The GSCg possessing porous structure and adsorbs all three types of dyes, viz., eosin yellow (anionic), neutral red, and methylene blue (cationic), as shown by scanning electron microscopy, and the adsorption kinetics are addressed. The dye adsorbed by the gel (dye@GSCg) has been degraded by the treatment of Cu(2+)/N(2)H(4), which regenerates the gel. The regenerated gel has been demonstrated for further cycles of adsorption followed by degradation. Alternatively, the degradation of the organic dyes was also demonstrated by an in situ approach by taking GO, SC4a, l-Cys, and the organic dye together and subjecting the mixture to hydrothermal conditions and the process leaves out free gel (GSC(g)(d)). This was proven to be true in the case of each of the 12 dyes studied individually and also for their mixture, supporting that this methodology can be employed for large scale purification of contaminated water with high efficiency. GSC(g)(d) was repeatedly used for the adsorption and degradation (with the use of Cu(2+)/N(2)H(4)) cycles wherein the gel does not lose its adsorption capability even after several cycles. Therefore, {GO···SC4a} hybrid is a smart, sustainable, and reusable material suitable for the purification of water contaminated with industrial organic dye effluents.
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spelling pubmed-66489042019-08-27 Hydrogel of the Supramolecular Complex of Graphene Oxide and Sulfonatocalix[4]arene as Reusable Material for the Degradation of Organic Dyes: Demonstration of Adsorption and Degradation by Spectroscopy and Microscopy Narula, Ashiv Rao, Chebrolu Pulla ACS Omega [Image: see text] Industrial modernization causes severe contamination of water resources due to which the presence of organic dyes poses a great threat to human life. To address this, we have synthesized a hydrogel GSCg using graphene oxide (GO), sulphonatocalix[4]arene (SC4a), and l-Cys by heating at 90 °C for 30 min and characterized by analytic, spectroscopy, and microscopy techniques. The GSCg possessing porous structure and adsorbs all three types of dyes, viz., eosin yellow (anionic), neutral red, and methylene blue (cationic), as shown by scanning electron microscopy, and the adsorption kinetics are addressed. The dye adsorbed by the gel (dye@GSCg) has been degraded by the treatment of Cu(2+)/N(2)H(4), which regenerates the gel. The regenerated gel has been demonstrated for further cycles of adsorption followed by degradation. Alternatively, the degradation of the organic dyes was also demonstrated by an in situ approach by taking GO, SC4a, l-Cys, and the organic dye together and subjecting the mixture to hydrothermal conditions and the process leaves out free gel (GSC(g)(d)). This was proven to be true in the case of each of the 12 dyes studied individually and also for their mixture, supporting that this methodology can be employed for large scale purification of contaminated water with high efficiency. GSC(g)(d) was repeatedly used for the adsorption and degradation (with the use of Cu(2+)/N(2)H(4)) cycles wherein the gel does not lose its adsorption capability even after several cycles. Therefore, {GO···SC4a} hybrid is a smart, sustainable, and reusable material suitable for the purification of water contaminated with industrial organic dye effluents. American Chemical Society 2019-03-22 /pmc/articles/PMC6648904/ /pubmed/31459726 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b00545 Text en Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License (http://pubs.acs.org/page/policy/authorchoice_termsofuse.html) , which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes.
spellingShingle Narula, Ashiv
Rao, Chebrolu Pulla
Hydrogel of the Supramolecular Complex of Graphene Oxide and Sulfonatocalix[4]arene as Reusable Material for the Degradation of Organic Dyes: Demonstration of Adsorption and Degradation by Spectroscopy and Microscopy
title Hydrogel of the Supramolecular Complex of Graphene Oxide and Sulfonatocalix[4]arene as Reusable Material for the Degradation of Organic Dyes: Demonstration of Adsorption and Degradation by Spectroscopy and Microscopy
title_full Hydrogel of the Supramolecular Complex of Graphene Oxide and Sulfonatocalix[4]arene as Reusable Material for the Degradation of Organic Dyes: Demonstration of Adsorption and Degradation by Spectroscopy and Microscopy
title_fullStr Hydrogel of the Supramolecular Complex of Graphene Oxide and Sulfonatocalix[4]arene as Reusable Material for the Degradation of Organic Dyes: Demonstration of Adsorption and Degradation by Spectroscopy and Microscopy
title_full_unstemmed Hydrogel of the Supramolecular Complex of Graphene Oxide and Sulfonatocalix[4]arene as Reusable Material for the Degradation of Organic Dyes: Demonstration of Adsorption and Degradation by Spectroscopy and Microscopy
title_short Hydrogel of the Supramolecular Complex of Graphene Oxide and Sulfonatocalix[4]arene as Reusable Material for the Degradation of Organic Dyes: Demonstration of Adsorption and Degradation by Spectroscopy and Microscopy
title_sort hydrogel of the supramolecular complex of graphene oxide and sulfonatocalix[4]arene as reusable material for the degradation of organic dyes: demonstration of adsorption and degradation by spectroscopy and microscopy
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6648904/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31459726
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b00545
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