Cargando…
G-Quadruplex-Based Fluorescent Turn-On Ligands and Aptamers: From Development to Applications
Guanine (G)-quadruplexes (G4s) are unique nucleic acid structures that are formed by stacked G-tetrads in G-rich DNA or RNA sequences. G4s have been reported to play significant roles in various cellular events in both macro- and micro-organisms. The identification and characterization of G4s can he...
Autores principales: | , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6650947/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31262059 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24132416 |
_version_ | 1783438234230980608 |
---|---|
author | Umar, Mubarak I. Ji, Danyang Chan, Chun-Yin Kwok, Chun Kit |
author_facet | Umar, Mubarak I. Ji, Danyang Chan, Chun-Yin Kwok, Chun Kit |
author_sort | Umar, Mubarak I. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Guanine (G)-quadruplexes (G4s) are unique nucleic acid structures that are formed by stacked G-tetrads in G-rich DNA or RNA sequences. G4s have been reported to play significant roles in various cellular events in both macro- and micro-organisms. The identification and characterization of G4s can help to understand their different biological roles and potential applications in diagnosis and therapy. In addition to biophysical and biochemical methods to interrogate G4 formation, G4 fluorescent turn-on ligands can be used to target and visualize G4 formation both in vitro and in cells. Here, we review several representative classes of G4 fluorescent turn-on ligands in terms of their interaction mechanism and application perspectives. Interestingly, G4 structures are commonly identified in DNA and RNA aptamers against targets that include proteins and small molecules, which can be utilized as G4 tools for diverse applications. We therefore also summarize the recent development of G4-containing aptamers and highlight their applications in biosensing, bioimaging, and therapy. Moreover, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives of G4 fluorescent turn-on ligands and G4-containing aptamers. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6650947 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-66509472019-08-07 G-Quadruplex-Based Fluorescent Turn-On Ligands and Aptamers: From Development to Applications Umar, Mubarak I. Ji, Danyang Chan, Chun-Yin Kwok, Chun Kit Molecules Review Guanine (G)-quadruplexes (G4s) are unique nucleic acid structures that are formed by stacked G-tetrads in G-rich DNA or RNA sequences. G4s have been reported to play significant roles in various cellular events in both macro- and micro-organisms. The identification and characterization of G4s can help to understand their different biological roles and potential applications in diagnosis and therapy. In addition to biophysical and biochemical methods to interrogate G4 formation, G4 fluorescent turn-on ligands can be used to target and visualize G4 formation both in vitro and in cells. Here, we review several representative classes of G4 fluorescent turn-on ligands in terms of their interaction mechanism and application perspectives. Interestingly, G4 structures are commonly identified in DNA and RNA aptamers against targets that include proteins and small molecules, which can be utilized as G4 tools for diverse applications. We therefore also summarize the recent development of G4-containing aptamers and highlight their applications in biosensing, bioimaging, and therapy. Moreover, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives of G4 fluorescent turn-on ligands and G4-containing aptamers. MDPI 2019-06-30 /pmc/articles/PMC6650947/ /pubmed/31262059 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24132416 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Umar, Mubarak I. Ji, Danyang Chan, Chun-Yin Kwok, Chun Kit G-Quadruplex-Based Fluorescent Turn-On Ligands and Aptamers: From Development to Applications |
title | G-Quadruplex-Based Fluorescent Turn-On Ligands and Aptamers: From Development to Applications |
title_full | G-Quadruplex-Based Fluorescent Turn-On Ligands and Aptamers: From Development to Applications |
title_fullStr | G-Quadruplex-Based Fluorescent Turn-On Ligands and Aptamers: From Development to Applications |
title_full_unstemmed | G-Quadruplex-Based Fluorescent Turn-On Ligands and Aptamers: From Development to Applications |
title_short | G-Quadruplex-Based Fluorescent Turn-On Ligands and Aptamers: From Development to Applications |
title_sort | g-quadruplex-based fluorescent turn-on ligands and aptamers: from development to applications |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6650947/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31262059 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24132416 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT umarmubaraki gquadruplexbasedfluorescentturnonligandsandaptamersfromdevelopmenttoapplications AT jidanyang gquadruplexbasedfluorescentturnonligandsandaptamersfromdevelopmenttoapplications AT chanchunyin gquadruplexbasedfluorescentturnonligandsandaptamersfromdevelopmenttoapplications AT kwokchunkit gquadruplexbasedfluorescentturnonligandsandaptamersfromdevelopmenttoapplications |