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Carbodiimide Conjugation of Latent Transforming Growth Factor β1 to Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Remote Activation

Conjugation of latent growth factors to superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) is potentially useful for magnetically triggered release of bioactive macromolecules. Thus, the goal of this work was to trigger the release of active Transforming Growth-Factor Beta (TGF-β) via magnetic hype...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Azie, Obiora, Greenberg, Zachary F., Batich, Christopher D., Dobson, Jon P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6651417/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31261853
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20133190
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author Azie, Obiora
Greenberg, Zachary F.
Batich, Christopher D.
Dobson, Jon P.
author_facet Azie, Obiora
Greenberg, Zachary F.
Batich, Christopher D.
Dobson, Jon P.
author_sort Azie, Obiora
collection PubMed
description Conjugation of latent growth factors to superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) is potentially useful for magnetically triggered release of bioactive macromolecules. Thus, the goal of this work was to trigger the release of active Transforming Growth-Factor Beta (TGF-β) via magnetic hyperthermia by binding SPIONs to the latent form of TGF-β, since heat has been shown to induce release of TGF-β from the latent complex. Commercially available SPIONS with high specific absorption rates (SAR) were hydrolyzed in 70% ethanol to create surface carboxylic acid conjugation sites for carbodiimide chemistry. Fourier-Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) analysis verified the conversion of maleic anhydride to maleic acid. 1-Ethyl-2-(3-dimethyulaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (Sulfo-NHS) were used to bind to the open conjugation sites of the SPION in order to graft latent TGF-β onto the particles. The resulting conjugated particles were imaged with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the complexed particles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess the thermally triggered release of active TGF-β from the latent complex, demonstrating that conjugation did not interfere with release. Results showed that latent TGF-β was successfully conjugated to the iron oxide nanoparticles, and magnetically triggered release of active TGF-β was achieved.
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spelling pubmed-66514172019-08-08 Carbodiimide Conjugation of Latent Transforming Growth Factor β1 to Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Remote Activation Azie, Obiora Greenberg, Zachary F. Batich, Christopher D. Dobson, Jon P. Int J Mol Sci Article Conjugation of latent growth factors to superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) is potentially useful for magnetically triggered release of bioactive macromolecules. Thus, the goal of this work was to trigger the release of active Transforming Growth-Factor Beta (TGF-β) via magnetic hyperthermia by binding SPIONs to the latent form of TGF-β, since heat has been shown to induce release of TGF-β from the latent complex. Commercially available SPIONS with high specific absorption rates (SAR) were hydrolyzed in 70% ethanol to create surface carboxylic acid conjugation sites for carbodiimide chemistry. Fourier-Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) analysis verified the conversion of maleic anhydride to maleic acid. 1-Ethyl-2-(3-dimethyulaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (Sulfo-NHS) were used to bind to the open conjugation sites of the SPION in order to graft latent TGF-β onto the particles. The resulting conjugated particles were imaged with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the complexed particles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess the thermally triggered release of active TGF-β from the latent complex, demonstrating that conjugation did not interfere with release. Results showed that latent TGF-β was successfully conjugated to the iron oxide nanoparticles, and magnetically triggered release of active TGF-β was achieved. MDPI 2019-06-29 /pmc/articles/PMC6651417/ /pubmed/31261853 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20133190 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Azie, Obiora
Greenberg, Zachary F.
Batich, Christopher D.
Dobson, Jon P.
Carbodiimide Conjugation of Latent Transforming Growth Factor β1 to Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Remote Activation
title Carbodiimide Conjugation of Latent Transforming Growth Factor β1 to Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Remote Activation
title_full Carbodiimide Conjugation of Latent Transforming Growth Factor β1 to Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Remote Activation
title_fullStr Carbodiimide Conjugation of Latent Transforming Growth Factor β1 to Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Remote Activation
title_full_unstemmed Carbodiimide Conjugation of Latent Transforming Growth Factor β1 to Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Remote Activation
title_short Carbodiimide Conjugation of Latent Transforming Growth Factor β1 to Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Remote Activation
title_sort carbodiimide conjugation of latent transforming growth factor β1 to superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for remote activation
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6651417/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31261853
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20133190
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