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Glucagon Receptor Signaling and Glucagon Resistance
Hundred years after the discovery of glucagon, its biology remains enigmatic. Accurate measurement of glucagon has been essential for uncovering its pathological hypersecretion that underlies various metabolic diseases including not only diabetes and liver diseases but also cancers (glucagonomas). T...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6651628/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31284506 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20133314 |
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author | Janah, Lina Kjeldsen, Sasha Galsgaard, Katrine D. Winther-Sørensen, Marie Stojanovska, Elena Pedersen, Jens Knop, Filip K. Holst, Jens J. Wewer Albrechtsen, Nicolai J. |
author_facet | Janah, Lina Kjeldsen, Sasha Galsgaard, Katrine D. Winther-Sørensen, Marie Stojanovska, Elena Pedersen, Jens Knop, Filip K. Holst, Jens J. Wewer Albrechtsen, Nicolai J. |
author_sort | Janah, Lina |
collection | PubMed |
description | Hundred years after the discovery of glucagon, its biology remains enigmatic. Accurate measurement of glucagon has been essential for uncovering its pathological hypersecretion that underlies various metabolic diseases including not only diabetes and liver diseases but also cancers (glucagonomas). The suggested key role of glucagon in the development of diabetes has been termed the bihormonal hypothesis. However, studying tissue-specific knockout of the glucagon receptor has revealed that the physiological role of glucagon may extend beyond blood-glucose regulation. Decades ago, animal and human studies reported an important role of glucagon in amino acid metabolism through ureagenesis. Using modern technologies such as metabolomic profiling, knowledge about the effects of glucagon on amino acid metabolism has been expanded and the mechanisms involved further delineated. Glucagon receptor antagonists have indirectly put focus on glucagon’s potential role in lipid metabolism, as individuals treated with these antagonists showed dyslipidemia and increased hepatic fat. One emerging field in glucagon biology now seems to include the concept of hepatic glucagon resistance. Here, we discuss the roles of glucagon in glucose homeostasis, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism and present speculations on the molecular pathways causing and associating with postulated hepatic glucagon resistance. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6651628 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-66516282019-08-08 Glucagon Receptor Signaling and Glucagon Resistance Janah, Lina Kjeldsen, Sasha Galsgaard, Katrine D. Winther-Sørensen, Marie Stojanovska, Elena Pedersen, Jens Knop, Filip K. Holst, Jens J. Wewer Albrechtsen, Nicolai J. Int J Mol Sci Review Hundred years after the discovery of glucagon, its biology remains enigmatic. Accurate measurement of glucagon has been essential for uncovering its pathological hypersecretion that underlies various metabolic diseases including not only diabetes and liver diseases but also cancers (glucagonomas). The suggested key role of glucagon in the development of diabetes has been termed the bihormonal hypothesis. However, studying tissue-specific knockout of the glucagon receptor has revealed that the physiological role of glucagon may extend beyond blood-glucose regulation. Decades ago, animal and human studies reported an important role of glucagon in amino acid metabolism through ureagenesis. Using modern technologies such as metabolomic profiling, knowledge about the effects of glucagon on amino acid metabolism has been expanded and the mechanisms involved further delineated. Glucagon receptor antagonists have indirectly put focus on glucagon’s potential role in lipid metabolism, as individuals treated with these antagonists showed dyslipidemia and increased hepatic fat. One emerging field in glucagon biology now seems to include the concept of hepatic glucagon resistance. Here, we discuss the roles of glucagon in glucose homeostasis, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism and present speculations on the molecular pathways causing and associating with postulated hepatic glucagon resistance. MDPI 2019-07-05 /pmc/articles/PMC6651628/ /pubmed/31284506 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20133314 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Janah, Lina Kjeldsen, Sasha Galsgaard, Katrine D. Winther-Sørensen, Marie Stojanovska, Elena Pedersen, Jens Knop, Filip K. Holst, Jens J. Wewer Albrechtsen, Nicolai J. Glucagon Receptor Signaling and Glucagon Resistance |
title | Glucagon Receptor Signaling and Glucagon Resistance |
title_full | Glucagon Receptor Signaling and Glucagon Resistance |
title_fullStr | Glucagon Receptor Signaling and Glucagon Resistance |
title_full_unstemmed | Glucagon Receptor Signaling and Glucagon Resistance |
title_short | Glucagon Receptor Signaling and Glucagon Resistance |
title_sort | glucagon receptor signaling and glucagon resistance |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6651628/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31284506 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20133314 |
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