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The association of age at menopause and all-cause and cause-specific mortality by race, postmenopausal hormone use, and smoking status
While a mean age at menopause of 51 years has been reported in the United States (U.S.), some U.S. women experience menopause before age 45, possibly increasing risk of cardiovascular mortality; however, the role in all-cause and cerebrovascular-related mortality is unclear. The purpose of this stud...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6651856/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31367516 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100955 |
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author | Malek, Angela M. Vladutiu, Catherine J. Meyer, Michelle L. Cushman, Mary Newman, Roger Lisabeth, Lynda D. Kleindorfer, Dawn Lakkur, Sindhu Howard, Virginia J. |
author_facet | Malek, Angela M. Vladutiu, Catherine J. Meyer, Michelle L. Cushman, Mary Newman, Roger Lisabeth, Lynda D. Kleindorfer, Dawn Lakkur, Sindhu Howard, Virginia J. |
author_sort | Malek, Angela M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | While a mean age at menopause of 51 years has been reported in the United States (U.S.), some U.S. women experience menopause before age 45, possibly increasing risk of cardiovascular mortality; however, the role in all-cause and cerebrovascular-related mortality is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between age at menopause and all-cause and cause-specific mortality by race, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use, and smoking status. REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) is a population-based study of 30,239 participants aged ≥45 years enrolled between 2003 and 2007 of whom 14,361 were postmenopausal women. Age at menopause was defined as <45 (early) or ≥45. All-cause and cause-specific mortality were ascertained through 2013. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between age at menopause and mortality, adjusting for baseline measures. Of 11,287 eligible women (6403 white; 4884 black), mean menopause age was 45.2 (SD 7.9) with 1524 deaths over 7.1 years. Significant interactions were detected between early age at menopause (39%) and HRT use in association with all-cause mortality (p < 0.01), mortality from coronary heart disease (p = 0.06), and mortality from all other causes (p = 0.04). An association between early age at menopause and all-cause mortality was observed among ever-HRT users (HR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.10–1.56), but not never-HRT users (HR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.85–1.20). There were no differences in associations examined by race or smoking status. Increased all-cause mortality risk was observed for ever-HRT users with menopause before age 45. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6651856 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Elsevier |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-66518562019-07-31 The association of age at menopause and all-cause and cause-specific mortality by race, postmenopausal hormone use, and smoking status Malek, Angela M. Vladutiu, Catherine J. Meyer, Michelle L. Cushman, Mary Newman, Roger Lisabeth, Lynda D. Kleindorfer, Dawn Lakkur, Sindhu Howard, Virginia J. Prev Med Rep Regular Article While a mean age at menopause of 51 years has been reported in the United States (U.S.), some U.S. women experience menopause before age 45, possibly increasing risk of cardiovascular mortality; however, the role in all-cause and cerebrovascular-related mortality is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between age at menopause and all-cause and cause-specific mortality by race, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use, and smoking status. REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) is a population-based study of 30,239 participants aged ≥45 years enrolled between 2003 and 2007 of whom 14,361 were postmenopausal women. Age at menopause was defined as <45 (early) or ≥45. All-cause and cause-specific mortality were ascertained through 2013. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between age at menopause and mortality, adjusting for baseline measures. Of 11,287 eligible women (6403 white; 4884 black), mean menopause age was 45.2 (SD 7.9) with 1524 deaths over 7.1 years. Significant interactions were detected between early age at menopause (39%) and HRT use in association with all-cause mortality (p < 0.01), mortality from coronary heart disease (p = 0.06), and mortality from all other causes (p = 0.04). An association between early age at menopause and all-cause mortality was observed among ever-HRT users (HR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.10–1.56), but not never-HRT users (HR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.85–1.20). There were no differences in associations examined by race or smoking status. Increased all-cause mortality risk was observed for ever-HRT users with menopause before age 45. Elsevier 2019-07-14 /pmc/articles/PMC6651856/ /pubmed/31367516 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100955 Text en © 2019 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Regular Article Malek, Angela M. Vladutiu, Catherine J. Meyer, Michelle L. Cushman, Mary Newman, Roger Lisabeth, Lynda D. Kleindorfer, Dawn Lakkur, Sindhu Howard, Virginia J. The association of age at menopause and all-cause and cause-specific mortality by race, postmenopausal hormone use, and smoking status |
title | The association of age at menopause and all-cause and cause-specific mortality by race, postmenopausal hormone use, and smoking status |
title_full | The association of age at menopause and all-cause and cause-specific mortality by race, postmenopausal hormone use, and smoking status |
title_fullStr | The association of age at menopause and all-cause and cause-specific mortality by race, postmenopausal hormone use, and smoking status |
title_full_unstemmed | The association of age at menopause and all-cause and cause-specific mortality by race, postmenopausal hormone use, and smoking status |
title_short | The association of age at menopause and all-cause and cause-specific mortality by race, postmenopausal hormone use, and smoking status |
title_sort | association of age at menopause and all-cause and cause-specific mortality by race, postmenopausal hormone use, and smoking status |
topic | Regular Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6651856/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31367516 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100955 |
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