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Pathomechanisms of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in ALS

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) are responsible for controlling the microenvironment within neural tissues in humans. These barriers are fundamental to all neurological processes as they provide the extreme nutritional demands of neural tissue, remove wastes, a...

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Autores principales: Kakaroubas, Nicholas, Brennan, Samuel, Keon, Matthew, Saksena, Nitin K.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6652091/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31380411
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2537698
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author Kakaroubas, Nicholas
Brennan, Samuel
Keon, Matthew
Saksena, Nitin K.
author_facet Kakaroubas, Nicholas
Brennan, Samuel
Keon, Matthew
Saksena, Nitin K.
author_sort Kakaroubas, Nicholas
collection PubMed
description The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) are responsible for controlling the microenvironment within neural tissues in humans. These barriers are fundamental to all neurological processes as they provide the extreme nutritional demands of neural tissue, remove wastes, and maintain immune privileged status. Being a semipermeable membrane, both the BBB and BSCB allow the diffusion of certain molecules, whilst restricting others. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative diseases, these barriers become hyperpermeable, allowing a wider variety of molecules to pass through leading to more severe and more rapidly progressing disease. The intention of this review is to discuss evidence that BBB hyperpermeability is potentially a disease driving feature in ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases. The various biochemical, physiological, and genomic factors that can influence BBB permeability in ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases are also discussed, in addition to novel therapeutic strategies centred upon the BBB.
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spelling pubmed-66520912019-08-04 Pathomechanisms of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in ALS Kakaroubas, Nicholas Brennan, Samuel Keon, Matthew Saksena, Nitin K. Neurosci J Review Article The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) are responsible for controlling the microenvironment within neural tissues in humans. These barriers are fundamental to all neurological processes as they provide the extreme nutritional demands of neural tissue, remove wastes, and maintain immune privileged status. Being a semipermeable membrane, both the BBB and BSCB allow the diffusion of certain molecules, whilst restricting others. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative diseases, these barriers become hyperpermeable, allowing a wider variety of molecules to pass through leading to more severe and more rapidly progressing disease. The intention of this review is to discuss evidence that BBB hyperpermeability is potentially a disease driving feature in ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases. The various biochemical, physiological, and genomic factors that can influence BBB permeability in ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases are also discussed, in addition to novel therapeutic strategies centred upon the BBB. Hindawi 2019-07-10 /pmc/articles/PMC6652091/ /pubmed/31380411 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2537698 Text en Copyright © 2019 Nicholas Kakaroubas et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Kakaroubas, Nicholas
Brennan, Samuel
Keon, Matthew
Saksena, Nitin K.
Pathomechanisms of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in ALS
title Pathomechanisms of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in ALS
title_full Pathomechanisms of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in ALS
title_fullStr Pathomechanisms of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in ALS
title_full_unstemmed Pathomechanisms of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in ALS
title_short Pathomechanisms of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in ALS
title_sort pathomechanisms of blood-brain barrier disruption in als
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6652091/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31380411
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2537698
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