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Bacillus subtilis cell diameter is determined by the opposing actions of two distinct cell wall synthetic systems
Rod-shaped bacteria grow by adding material into their cell wall via the action of two spatially distinct enzymatic systems: The Rod complex moves around the cell circumference, while class A penicillin-binding proteins do not. To understand how the combined action of these two systems defines bacte...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6656618/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31086310 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41564-019-0439-0 |
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author | Dion, Michael F. Kapoor, Mrinal Sun, Yingjie Wilson, Sean Ryan, Joel Vigouroux, Antoine van Teeffelen, Sven Oldenbourg, Rudolf Garner, Ethan C. |
author_facet | Dion, Michael F. Kapoor, Mrinal Sun, Yingjie Wilson, Sean Ryan, Joel Vigouroux, Antoine van Teeffelen, Sven Oldenbourg, Rudolf Garner, Ethan C. |
author_sort | Dion, Michael F. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Rod-shaped bacteria grow by adding material into their cell wall via the action of two spatially distinct enzymatic systems: The Rod complex moves around the cell circumference, while class A penicillin-binding proteins do not. To understand how the combined action of these two systems defines bacterial dimensions, we examined how each affects the growth and width of Bacillus subtilis, as well as the mechanical anisotropy and orientation of material within their sacculi. Rod width is not determined by MreB, rather it depends on the balance between the systems: The Rod complex reduces diameter, while aPBPs increase it. Increased Rod complex activity correlates with an increased density of directional MreB filaments and a greater fraction of directional PBP2a enzymes. This increased circumferential synthesis increases the relative amount of oriented material within the sacculi, making them more resistant to stretching across their width, thereby reinforcing rod shape. Together, these experiments explain how the combined action of the two main cell wall synthetic systems builds and maintains rods of different widths. Escherichia coli Rod mutants also show the same correlation between width and directional MreB filament density, suggesting this model may be generalizable to bacteria that elongate via the Rod complex. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6656618 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-66566182019-11-13 Bacillus subtilis cell diameter is determined by the opposing actions of two distinct cell wall synthetic systems Dion, Michael F. Kapoor, Mrinal Sun, Yingjie Wilson, Sean Ryan, Joel Vigouroux, Antoine van Teeffelen, Sven Oldenbourg, Rudolf Garner, Ethan C. Nat Microbiol Article Rod-shaped bacteria grow by adding material into their cell wall via the action of two spatially distinct enzymatic systems: The Rod complex moves around the cell circumference, while class A penicillin-binding proteins do not. To understand how the combined action of these two systems defines bacterial dimensions, we examined how each affects the growth and width of Bacillus subtilis, as well as the mechanical anisotropy and orientation of material within their sacculi. Rod width is not determined by MreB, rather it depends on the balance between the systems: The Rod complex reduces diameter, while aPBPs increase it. Increased Rod complex activity correlates with an increased density of directional MreB filaments and a greater fraction of directional PBP2a enzymes. This increased circumferential synthesis increases the relative amount of oriented material within the sacculi, making them more resistant to stretching across their width, thereby reinforcing rod shape. Together, these experiments explain how the combined action of the two main cell wall synthetic systems builds and maintains rods of different widths. Escherichia coli Rod mutants also show the same correlation between width and directional MreB filament density, suggesting this model may be generalizable to bacteria that elongate via the Rod complex. 2019-05-13 2019-08 /pmc/articles/PMC6656618/ /pubmed/31086310 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41564-019-0439-0 Text en Users may view, print, copy, and download text and data-mine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use:http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms |
spellingShingle | Article Dion, Michael F. Kapoor, Mrinal Sun, Yingjie Wilson, Sean Ryan, Joel Vigouroux, Antoine van Teeffelen, Sven Oldenbourg, Rudolf Garner, Ethan C. Bacillus subtilis cell diameter is determined by the opposing actions of two distinct cell wall synthetic systems |
title | Bacillus subtilis cell diameter is determined by the
opposing actions of two distinct cell wall synthetic systems |
title_full | Bacillus subtilis cell diameter is determined by the
opposing actions of two distinct cell wall synthetic systems |
title_fullStr | Bacillus subtilis cell diameter is determined by the
opposing actions of two distinct cell wall synthetic systems |
title_full_unstemmed | Bacillus subtilis cell diameter is determined by the
opposing actions of two distinct cell wall synthetic systems |
title_short | Bacillus subtilis cell diameter is determined by the
opposing actions of two distinct cell wall synthetic systems |
title_sort | bacillus subtilis cell diameter is determined by the
opposing actions of two distinct cell wall synthetic systems |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6656618/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31086310 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41564-019-0439-0 |
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