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Selected Aspects of Tobacco-Induced Prothrombotic State, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: Modeled and Analyzed Using Petri Nets
Many factors, such as endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and hemostatic disturbances, affect formation and progression of atherosclerotic plaque. In our study, we have focused on hemostatic disturbances with particular emphasis on the extrinsic pathways of coagulation. Thrombin is a main enzyme o...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6660494/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30584644 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12539-018-0310-7 |
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author | Gutowska, Kaja Formanowicz, Dorota Formanowicz, Piotr |
author_facet | Gutowska, Kaja Formanowicz, Dorota Formanowicz, Piotr |
author_sort | Gutowska, Kaja |
collection | PubMed |
description | Many factors, such as endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and hemostatic disturbances, affect formation and progression of atherosclerotic plaque. In our study, we have focused on hemostatic disturbances with particular emphasis on the extrinsic pathways of coagulation. Thrombin is a main enzyme of coagulation and it is engaged in many different subprocesses. It leads to activation of factors of the coagulation cascade, transition of fibrinogen to fibrin monomer, endothelial damage, inflammation, activation of platelets and proliferation. In our study, selected aspects of disorders in prothrombotic states influenced by cigarette smoke have been modeled and analyzed. Tobacco-induced increased tissue factor, which is associated with less plasminogen activator and increased plasminogen activator-1 inhibitor, has been included in the presented model. These disorders together with accompanying inflammatory state are closely related to thrombus formation and cardiovascular disease promotion. The proposed model has been built using Petri nets and the analysis has been based mainly on t-invariants. Using the Petri net theory to model and analyze the investigated phenomena allows to better understand them by revealing some interesting dependencies in the studied biological system. It explains how tobacco smoke affects the analyzed processes and how harmful these effects are. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12539-018-0310-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6660494 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-66604942019-08-07 Selected Aspects of Tobacco-Induced Prothrombotic State, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: Modeled and Analyzed Using Petri Nets Gutowska, Kaja Formanowicz, Dorota Formanowicz, Piotr Interdiscip Sci Original Research Article Many factors, such as endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and hemostatic disturbances, affect formation and progression of atherosclerotic plaque. In our study, we have focused on hemostatic disturbances with particular emphasis on the extrinsic pathways of coagulation. Thrombin is a main enzyme of coagulation and it is engaged in many different subprocesses. It leads to activation of factors of the coagulation cascade, transition of fibrinogen to fibrin monomer, endothelial damage, inflammation, activation of platelets and proliferation. In our study, selected aspects of disorders in prothrombotic states influenced by cigarette smoke have been modeled and analyzed. Tobacco-induced increased tissue factor, which is associated with less plasminogen activator and increased plasminogen activator-1 inhibitor, has been included in the presented model. These disorders together with accompanying inflammatory state are closely related to thrombus formation and cardiovascular disease promotion. The proposed model has been built using Petri nets and the analysis has been based mainly on t-invariants. Using the Petri net theory to model and analyze the investigated phenomena allows to better understand them by revealing some interesting dependencies in the studied biological system. It explains how tobacco smoke affects the analyzed processes and how harmful these effects are. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12539-018-0310-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2018-12-24 2019 /pmc/articles/PMC6660494/ /pubmed/30584644 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12539-018-0310-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2018 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. |
spellingShingle | Original Research Article Gutowska, Kaja Formanowicz, Dorota Formanowicz, Piotr Selected Aspects of Tobacco-Induced Prothrombotic State, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: Modeled and Analyzed Using Petri Nets |
title | Selected Aspects of Tobacco-Induced Prothrombotic State, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: Modeled and Analyzed Using Petri Nets |
title_full | Selected Aspects of Tobacco-Induced Prothrombotic State, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: Modeled and Analyzed Using Petri Nets |
title_fullStr | Selected Aspects of Tobacco-Induced Prothrombotic State, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: Modeled and Analyzed Using Petri Nets |
title_full_unstemmed | Selected Aspects of Tobacco-Induced Prothrombotic State, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: Modeled and Analyzed Using Petri Nets |
title_short | Selected Aspects of Tobacco-Induced Prothrombotic State, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: Modeled and Analyzed Using Petri Nets |
title_sort | selected aspects of tobacco-induced prothrombotic state, inflammation and oxidative stress: modeled and analyzed using petri nets |
topic | Original Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6660494/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30584644 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12539-018-0310-7 |
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