Mo-derived perivascular macrophage recruitment protects against endothelial cell death in retinal vein occlusion

BACKGROUND: To decipher the role of monocyte-derived macrophages (Mφs) in vascular remodeling of the occluded vein following experimental branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). METHODS: The inflammation induced by laser-induced BRVO on mice retina was evaluated at different time points by RT-PCR looking at inflammatory markers mRNA level expression, Icam-1, Cd11b, F4/80, Ccl2, and Ccr2 and by quantification of Iba1-positive macrophage (Mφ) density on Iba1-stained retinal flatmount. Repeated intraperitoneal EdU injection combined with liposome clodronate-induced monocyte (Mo) depletion in wildtype mice was used to differentiate Mo-derived Mφs from resident Mφs. Liposome clodronate Mo-depleted wildtype mice and Ccr2-deficient mice were used to evaluate the role of all CCR2(+) and CCR2(neg) Mo-derived Mφs on EC apoptosis in the occluded vein. RESULTS: cd11b, ICAM-1, F4/80, Ccl2, and Ccr2 mRNA expression were increased 1, 3, and 7 days after vein occlusion. The number of parenchymal (parMφs) and perivascular (vasMφs) macrophages was increased 3 and 7 days after BRVO. The systemic depletion of all circulating Mos decreased significantly the BRVO-induced parMφs and vasMφs macrophage accumulation, while the deletion of CCR2(+)-inflammatory Mo only diminished the accumulation of parMφs, but not vasMφs. Finally, apoptotic ECs of the vein were more numerous in fully depleted, liposome clodronate-treated mice, than in Ccr2(−/−) mice that only lack the recruitment of CCR2(+) inflammatory Mos. CONCLUSIONS: BRVO triggers the recruitment of blood-derived parMφs and vasMφs. Interestingly, vasMφs accumulation was independent of CCR2. The observation that the inhibition of the recruitment of all infiltrating Mφs increases the vein EC apoptosis, while CCR2 deficiency does not, demonstrates that CCR2(neg) Mo-derived vasMφs protect the ECs against apoptosis in the occluded vein.