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A Review of Pedicled Perforator Flaps for Reconstruction of the Soft Tissue Defects of the Leg and Foot

Lower extremity soft tissue defects frequently result from high-energy trauma or oncological resection. The lack of suitable muscle flap options for the distal leg and foot makes defects in these locations especially challenging to reconstruct and free tissue transfer is commonly used. Another optio...

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Autores principales: Low, O-Wern, Sebastin, Sandeep J., Cheah, Andre E. J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd. 2019
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6664841/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31456610
http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1688103
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author Low, O-Wern
Sebastin, Sandeep J.
Cheah, Andre E. J.
author_facet Low, O-Wern
Sebastin, Sandeep J.
Cheah, Andre E. J.
author_sort Low, O-Wern
collection PubMed
description Lower extremity soft tissue defects frequently result from high-energy trauma or oncological resection. The lack of suitable muscle flap options for the distal leg and foot makes defects in these locations especially challenging to reconstruct and free tissue transfer is commonly used. Another option that has become more popular in the past two decades are pedicled perforator flaps. Based on a thorough literature review and the authors’ experience on leg perforator flaps for over a decade, this article presents a historical review, the anatomical basis of common perforator flaps of the leg and foot, patient selection, wound selection, perforator selection, flap design, surgical techniques, refinements, and postoperative care. A review of the clinical outcomes and complications of these flaps was also performed and was noted to be comparable to the outcomes of free tissue transfer with significantly lower total flap failure rate. It is hoped that this review will assist surgeons in the formulation of a comprehensive step-by-step guide in performing pedicled perforator flap reconstruction of the lower extremity.
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spelling pubmed-66648412019-08-27 A Review of Pedicled Perforator Flaps for Reconstruction of the Soft Tissue Defects of the Leg and Foot Low, O-Wern Sebastin, Sandeep J. Cheah, Andre E. J. Indian J Plast Surg Lower extremity soft tissue defects frequently result from high-energy trauma or oncological resection. The lack of suitable muscle flap options for the distal leg and foot makes defects in these locations especially challenging to reconstruct and free tissue transfer is commonly used. Another option that has become more popular in the past two decades are pedicled perforator flaps. Based on a thorough literature review and the authors’ experience on leg perforator flaps for over a decade, this article presents a historical review, the anatomical basis of common perforator flaps of the leg and foot, patient selection, wound selection, perforator selection, flap design, surgical techniques, refinements, and postoperative care. A review of the clinical outcomes and complications of these flaps was also performed and was noted to be comparable to the outcomes of free tissue transfer with significantly lower total flap failure rate. It is hoped that this review will assist surgeons in the formulation of a comprehensive step-by-step guide in performing pedicled perforator flap reconstruction of the lower extremity. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd. 2019-01 2019-05-02 /pmc/articles/PMC6664841/ /pubmed/31456610 http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1688103 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License, which permits unrestricted reproduction and distribution, for non-commercial purposes only; and use and reproduction, but not distribution, of adapted material for non-commercial purposes only, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Low, O-Wern
Sebastin, Sandeep J.
Cheah, Andre E. J.
A Review of Pedicled Perforator Flaps for Reconstruction of the Soft Tissue Defects of the Leg and Foot
title A Review of Pedicled Perforator Flaps for Reconstruction of the Soft Tissue Defects of the Leg and Foot
title_full A Review of Pedicled Perforator Flaps for Reconstruction of the Soft Tissue Defects of the Leg and Foot
title_fullStr A Review of Pedicled Perforator Flaps for Reconstruction of the Soft Tissue Defects of the Leg and Foot
title_full_unstemmed A Review of Pedicled Perforator Flaps for Reconstruction of the Soft Tissue Defects of the Leg and Foot
title_short A Review of Pedicled Perforator Flaps for Reconstruction of the Soft Tissue Defects of the Leg and Foot
title_sort review of pedicled perforator flaps for reconstruction of the soft tissue defects of the leg and foot
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6664841/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31456610
http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1688103
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