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Chloroquine sensitizes MDA-MB-231 cells to osimertinib through autophagy–apoptosis crosstalk pathway

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast cancer that tests negative for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptors, and human epidermal growth factor receptors 2 (HER2). It is aggressive and invasive in nature and lacks targeted therapy. Purpose: The EGFR is frequently overex...

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Autores principales: Fleisher, Brett, Mody, Hardik, Werkman, Carolin, Ait-Oudhia, Sihem
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Dove 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6664863/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31839713
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/BCTT.S211030
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author Fleisher, Brett
Mody, Hardik
Werkman, Carolin
Ait-Oudhia, Sihem
author_facet Fleisher, Brett
Mody, Hardik
Werkman, Carolin
Ait-Oudhia, Sihem
author_sort Fleisher, Brett
collection PubMed
description Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast cancer that tests negative for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptors, and human epidermal growth factor receptors 2 (HER2). It is aggressive and invasive in nature and lacks targeted therapy. Purpose: The EGFR is frequently overexpressed in TNBC, and the EGFR-overexpressing TNBC presumably escapes EGFR inhibitor therapy by upregulating autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis. Methods: To parse the autophagy–apoptosis crosstalk pathway as a potential targeted therapy in TNBC, the activity of an EGFR inhibitor, osimertinib, alone and in combination with an autophagy inhibitor, chloroquine, was examined in EGFR-overexpressing TNBC cell line, MDA-MB-231. The nature of interaction between both drugs at various concentrations was determined by calculating combination indexes (CI) using CompuSyn software. Temporal changes in the expression of the autophagy marker, LC3B-II, and several apoptosis signaling molecules were measured using Western blot and luminex assay with MAGPIX(®) after exposure to drugs. A synergistic interaction (CI <1) was identified with combinations of 4–6.5 μM osimertinib with 30–75 μM chloroquine. Results: A combination of osimertinib (6 μM) with chloroquine (30 μM) resulted in a 6-fold increase of LC3B-II relative to control compared to 2.5-fold increase for either drug alone. The caspase-3 expression increased 2-fold compared to a 0.5-fold decrease with chloroquine and 1.5-fold increase with osimertinib. Conclusion: Our results indicate that inhibition of the autophagic flux via chloroquine improves the effectiveness of osimertinib in TNBC cancer cells, warranting further investigations of this combination in vivo.
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spelling pubmed-66648632019-12-13 Chloroquine sensitizes MDA-MB-231 cells to osimertinib through autophagy–apoptosis crosstalk pathway Fleisher, Brett Mody, Hardik Werkman, Carolin Ait-Oudhia, Sihem Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press) Original Research Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast cancer that tests negative for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptors, and human epidermal growth factor receptors 2 (HER2). It is aggressive and invasive in nature and lacks targeted therapy. Purpose: The EGFR is frequently overexpressed in TNBC, and the EGFR-overexpressing TNBC presumably escapes EGFR inhibitor therapy by upregulating autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis. Methods: To parse the autophagy–apoptosis crosstalk pathway as a potential targeted therapy in TNBC, the activity of an EGFR inhibitor, osimertinib, alone and in combination with an autophagy inhibitor, chloroquine, was examined in EGFR-overexpressing TNBC cell line, MDA-MB-231. The nature of interaction between both drugs at various concentrations was determined by calculating combination indexes (CI) using CompuSyn software. Temporal changes in the expression of the autophagy marker, LC3B-II, and several apoptosis signaling molecules were measured using Western blot and luminex assay with MAGPIX(®) after exposure to drugs. A synergistic interaction (CI <1) was identified with combinations of 4–6.5 μM osimertinib with 30–75 μM chloroquine. Results: A combination of osimertinib (6 μM) with chloroquine (30 μM) resulted in a 6-fold increase of LC3B-II relative to control compared to 2.5-fold increase for either drug alone. The caspase-3 expression increased 2-fold compared to a 0.5-fold decrease with chloroquine and 1.5-fold increase with osimertinib. Conclusion: Our results indicate that inhibition of the autophagic flux via chloroquine improves the effectiveness of osimertinib in TNBC cancer cells, warranting further investigations of this combination in vivo. Dove 2019-07-23 /pmc/articles/PMC6664863/ /pubmed/31839713 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/BCTT.S211030 Text en © 2019 Fleisher et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).
spellingShingle Original Research
Fleisher, Brett
Mody, Hardik
Werkman, Carolin
Ait-Oudhia, Sihem
Chloroquine sensitizes MDA-MB-231 cells to osimertinib through autophagy–apoptosis crosstalk pathway
title Chloroquine sensitizes MDA-MB-231 cells to osimertinib through autophagy–apoptosis crosstalk pathway
title_full Chloroquine sensitizes MDA-MB-231 cells to osimertinib through autophagy–apoptosis crosstalk pathway
title_fullStr Chloroquine sensitizes MDA-MB-231 cells to osimertinib through autophagy–apoptosis crosstalk pathway
title_full_unstemmed Chloroquine sensitizes MDA-MB-231 cells to osimertinib through autophagy–apoptosis crosstalk pathway
title_short Chloroquine sensitizes MDA-MB-231 cells to osimertinib through autophagy–apoptosis crosstalk pathway
title_sort chloroquine sensitizes mda-mb-231 cells to osimertinib through autophagy–apoptosis crosstalk pathway
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6664863/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31839713
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/BCTT.S211030
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