Dynamic formation of cellular aggregates of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells in spinner flask

OBJECTIVES: Cellular aggregates are readily applicable in cell‐based therapy. The effects of agitation and inoculation density on the aggregation of cells in spinner flask and the molecular mechanism of aggregation were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The aggregation kinetics of cells in spinner flask was evaluated with bovine articular chondrocytes (bACs), rabbit bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) and their mixture. The morphology of cellular aggregates was studied with scanning electron microscopy and gene expression of cell adhesion‐related molecules was analysed. RESULTS: It was shown that suspension culture in spinner flask induced the aggregation of bACs and rMSCs. Both cells exhibited increased aggregation rate and aggregate size with decreasing agitation rate and increasing cell inoculation density. Additionally, aggregate size increased with extended culture time. By analysing gene expression of integrin β1 and cadherin, it was indicated that these molecules were potentially involved in the aggregation process of bACs and rMSCs, respectively. Aggregates composed of both bACs and rMSCs were also prepared, showing rMSCs in the core and bACs in the periphery. CONCLUSIONS: Cellular aggregates were prepared in dynamic suspension culture using spinner flask, the key parameters to the aggregation process were identified, and the molecular mechanism of aggregation was revealed. This would lay a solid foundation for the large‐scale production of cellular aggregates for cell‐based therapy, such as cartilage regeneration.