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Novel Insights on the Toxicity of Phycotoxins on the Gut through the Targeting of Enteric Glial Cells

In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that phycotoxins can impact intestinal epithelial cells and can cross the intestinal barrier to some extent. Therefore, phycotoxins can reach cells underlying the epithelium, such as enteric glial cells (EGCs), which are involved in gut homeostasis, motility,...

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Autores principales: Reale, Océane, Huguet, Antoine, Fessard, Valérie
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6669610/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31340532
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17070429
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author Reale, Océane
Huguet, Antoine
Fessard, Valérie
author_facet Reale, Océane
Huguet, Antoine
Fessard, Valérie
author_sort Reale, Océane
collection PubMed
description In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that phycotoxins can impact intestinal epithelial cells and can cross the intestinal barrier to some extent. Therefore, phycotoxins can reach cells underlying the epithelium, such as enteric glial cells (EGCs), which are involved in gut homeostasis, motility, and barrier integrity. This study compared the toxicological effects of pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), yessotoxin (YTX), okadaic acid (OA), azaspiracid-1 (AZA1), 13-desmethyl-spirolide C (SPX), and palytoxin (PlTX) on the rat EGC cell line CRL2690. Cell viability, morphology, oxidative stress, inflammation, cell cycle, and specific glial markers were evaluated using RT-qPCR and high content analysis (HCA) approaches. PTX2, YTX, OA, AZA1, and PlTX induced neurite alterations, oxidative stress, cell cycle disturbance, and increase of specific EGC markers. An inflammatory response for YTX, OA, and AZA1 was suggested by the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Caspase-3-dependent apoptosis and induction of DNA double strand breaks (γH2AX) were also observed with PTX2, YTX, OA, and AZA1. These findings suggest that PTX2, YTX, OA, AZA1, and PlTX may affect intestinal barrier integrity through alterations of the human enteric glial system. Our results provide novel insight into the toxicological effects of phycotoxins on the gut.
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spelling pubmed-66696102019-08-08 Novel Insights on the Toxicity of Phycotoxins on the Gut through the Targeting of Enteric Glial Cells Reale, Océane Huguet, Antoine Fessard, Valérie Mar Drugs Article In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that phycotoxins can impact intestinal epithelial cells and can cross the intestinal barrier to some extent. Therefore, phycotoxins can reach cells underlying the epithelium, such as enteric glial cells (EGCs), which are involved in gut homeostasis, motility, and barrier integrity. This study compared the toxicological effects of pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), yessotoxin (YTX), okadaic acid (OA), azaspiracid-1 (AZA1), 13-desmethyl-spirolide C (SPX), and palytoxin (PlTX) on the rat EGC cell line CRL2690. Cell viability, morphology, oxidative stress, inflammation, cell cycle, and specific glial markers were evaluated using RT-qPCR and high content analysis (HCA) approaches. PTX2, YTX, OA, AZA1, and PlTX induced neurite alterations, oxidative stress, cell cycle disturbance, and increase of specific EGC markers. An inflammatory response for YTX, OA, and AZA1 was suggested by the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Caspase-3-dependent apoptosis and induction of DNA double strand breaks (γH2AX) were also observed with PTX2, YTX, OA, and AZA1. These findings suggest that PTX2, YTX, OA, AZA1, and PlTX may affect intestinal barrier integrity through alterations of the human enteric glial system. Our results provide novel insight into the toxicological effects of phycotoxins on the gut. MDPI 2019-07-23 /pmc/articles/PMC6669610/ /pubmed/31340532 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17070429 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Reale, Océane
Huguet, Antoine
Fessard, Valérie
Novel Insights on the Toxicity of Phycotoxins on the Gut through the Targeting of Enteric Glial Cells
title Novel Insights on the Toxicity of Phycotoxins on the Gut through the Targeting of Enteric Glial Cells
title_full Novel Insights on the Toxicity of Phycotoxins on the Gut through the Targeting of Enteric Glial Cells
title_fullStr Novel Insights on the Toxicity of Phycotoxins on the Gut through the Targeting of Enteric Glial Cells
title_full_unstemmed Novel Insights on the Toxicity of Phycotoxins on the Gut through the Targeting of Enteric Glial Cells
title_short Novel Insights on the Toxicity of Phycotoxins on the Gut through the Targeting of Enteric Glial Cells
title_sort novel insights on the toxicity of phycotoxins on the gut through the targeting of enteric glial cells
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6669610/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31340532
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17070429
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