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Pinnatoxins’ Deleterious Effects on Cholinergic Networks: From Experimental Models to Human Health
Pinnatoxins (PnTXs) are emerging neurotoxins that were discovered about 30 years ago. They are solely produced by the marine dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum, and may be transferred into the food chain, as they have been found in various marine invertebrates, including bivalves. No human intoxic...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6669724/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31330850 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17070425 |
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author | Delcourt, Nicolas Lagrange, Emmeline Abadie, Eric Fessard, Valérie Frémy, Jean-Marc Vernoux, Jean-Paul Peyrat, Marie-Bénédicte Maignien, Thomas Arnich, Nathalie Molgó, Jordi Mattei, César |
author_facet | Delcourt, Nicolas Lagrange, Emmeline Abadie, Eric Fessard, Valérie Frémy, Jean-Marc Vernoux, Jean-Paul Peyrat, Marie-Bénédicte Maignien, Thomas Arnich, Nathalie Molgó, Jordi Mattei, César |
author_sort | Delcourt, Nicolas |
collection | PubMed |
description | Pinnatoxins (PnTXs) are emerging neurotoxins that were discovered about 30 years ago. They are solely produced by the marine dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum, and may be transferred into the food chain, as they have been found in various marine invertebrates, including bivalves. No human intoxication has been reported to date although acute toxicity was induced by PnTxs in rodents. LD(50) values have been estimated for the different PnTXs through the oral route. At sublethal doses, all symptoms are reversible, and no neurological sequelae are visible. These symptoms are consistent with impairment of central and peripheral cholinergic network functions. In fact, PnTXs are high-affinity competitive antagonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Moreover, their lethal effects are consistent with the inhibition of muscle nAChRs, inducing respiratory distress and paralysis. Human intoxication by ingestion of PnTXs could result in various symptoms observed in episodes of poisoning with natural nAChR antagonists. This review updates the available data on PnTX toxicity with a focus on their mode of action on cholinergic networks and suggests the effects that could be extrapolated on human physiology. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6669724 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-66697242019-08-08 Pinnatoxins’ Deleterious Effects on Cholinergic Networks: From Experimental Models to Human Health Delcourt, Nicolas Lagrange, Emmeline Abadie, Eric Fessard, Valérie Frémy, Jean-Marc Vernoux, Jean-Paul Peyrat, Marie-Bénédicte Maignien, Thomas Arnich, Nathalie Molgó, Jordi Mattei, César Mar Drugs Review Pinnatoxins (PnTXs) are emerging neurotoxins that were discovered about 30 years ago. They are solely produced by the marine dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum, and may be transferred into the food chain, as they have been found in various marine invertebrates, including bivalves. No human intoxication has been reported to date although acute toxicity was induced by PnTxs in rodents. LD(50) values have been estimated for the different PnTXs through the oral route. At sublethal doses, all symptoms are reversible, and no neurological sequelae are visible. These symptoms are consistent with impairment of central and peripheral cholinergic network functions. In fact, PnTXs are high-affinity competitive antagonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Moreover, their lethal effects are consistent with the inhibition of muscle nAChRs, inducing respiratory distress and paralysis. Human intoxication by ingestion of PnTXs could result in various symptoms observed in episodes of poisoning with natural nAChR antagonists. This review updates the available data on PnTX toxicity with a focus on their mode of action on cholinergic networks and suggests the effects that could be extrapolated on human physiology. MDPI 2019-07-20 /pmc/articles/PMC6669724/ /pubmed/31330850 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17070425 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Delcourt, Nicolas Lagrange, Emmeline Abadie, Eric Fessard, Valérie Frémy, Jean-Marc Vernoux, Jean-Paul Peyrat, Marie-Bénédicte Maignien, Thomas Arnich, Nathalie Molgó, Jordi Mattei, César Pinnatoxins’ Deleterious Effects on Cholinergic Networks: From Experimental Models to Human Health |
title | Pinnatoxins’ Deleterious Effects on Cholinergic Networks: From Experimental Models to Human Health |
title_full | Pinnatoxins’ Deleterious Effects on Cholinergic Networks: From Experimental Models to Human Health |
title_fullStr | Pinnatoxins’ Deleterious Effects on Cholinergic Networks: From Experimental Models to Human Health |
title_full_unstemmed | Pinnatoxins’ Deleterious Effects on Cholinergic Networks: From Experimental Models to Human Health |
title_short | Pinnatoxins’ Deleterious Effects on Cholinergic Networks: From Experimental Models to Human Health |
title_sort | pinnatoxins’ deleterious effects on cholinergic networks: from experimental models to human health |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6669724/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31330850 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17070425 |
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