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Glycyrrhizin Protects the Diabetic Retina against Permeability, Neuronal, and Vascular Damage through Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms
Damage associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), may be involved in retinal inflammation in response to high glucose. To test whether HMGB1 inhibition could protect the diabetic retina, C57BL/6J mice were made diabetic and treated with glycyrrhizin, a HMGB1 inh...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6678129/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31269685 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8070957 |
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author | Liu, Li Jiang, Youde Steinle, Jena J. |
author_facet | Liu, Li Jiang, Youde Steinle, Jena J. |
author_sort | Liu, Li |
collection | PubMed |
description | Damage associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), may be involved in retinal inflammation in response to high glucose. To test whether HMGB1 inhibition could protect the diabetic retina, C57BL/6J mice were made diabetic and treated with glycyrrhizin, a HMGB1 inhibitor, for up to six months. Measurements of permeability, neuronal, and vascular changes were done, as well as assessments of HMGB1, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and interleukin-1-beta (IL1β) levels. Retinal endothelial cells (REC) treated with glycyrrhizin had reduced IL1β and cleaved caspase 3 levels. Data also demonstrate that glycyrrhizin effectively reduced HMGB1 levels throughout the retina, as well as maintained normal retinal permeability and retinal capillary coverage. Glycyrrhizin maintained normal cell numbers in the ganglion cell layer and prevented thinning of the retina at two months. These histological changes were associated with reduced reactive oxygen species, as well as reduced HMGB1, TNFα, and IL1β levels. The data strongly imply that HMGB1 inhibition prevented diabetic retinal changes through anti-inflammatory pathways. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6678129 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-66781292019-08-19 Glycyrrhizin Protects the Diabetic Retina against Permeability, Neuronal, and Vascular Damage through Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms Liu, Li Jiang, Youde Steinle, Jena J. J Clin Med Article Damage associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), may be involved in retinal inflammation in response to high glucose. To test whether HMGB1 inhibition could protect the diabetic retina, C57BL/6J mice were made diabetic and treated with glycyrrhizin, a HMGB1 inhibitor, for up to six months. Measurements of permeability, neuronal, and vascular changes were done, as well as assessments of HMGB1, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and interleukin-1-beta (IL1β) levels. Retinal endothelial cells (REC) treated with glycyrrhizin had reduced IL1β and cleaved caspase 3 levels. Data also demonstrate that glycyrrhizin effectively reduced HMGB1 levels throughout the retina, as well as maintained normal retinal permeability and retinal capillary coverage. Glycyrrhizin maintained normal cell numbers in the ganglion cell layer and prevented thinning of the retina at two months. These histological changes were associated with reduced reactive oxygen species, as well as reduced HMGB1, TNFα, and IL1β levels. The data strongly imply that HMGB1 inhibition prevented diabetic retinal changes through anti-inflammatory pathways. MDPI 2019-07-02 /pmc/articles/PMC6678129/ /pubmed/31269685 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8070957 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Liu, Li Jiang, Youde Steinle, Jena J. Glycyrrhizin Protects the Diabetic Retina against Permeability, Neuronal, and Vascular Damage through Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms |
title | Glycyrrhizin Protects the Diabetic Retina against Permeability, Neuronal, and Vascular Damage through Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms |
title_full | Glycyrrhizin Protects the Diabetic Retina against Permeability, Neuronal, and Vascular Damage through Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms |
title_fullStr | Glycyrrhizin Protects the Diabetic Retina against Permeability, Neuronal, and Vascular Damage through Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms |
title_full_unstemmed | Glycyrrhizin Protects the Diabetic Retina against Permeability, Neuronal, and Vascular Damage through Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms |
title_short | Glycyrrhizin Protects the Diabetic Retina against Permeability, Neuronal, and Vascular Damage through Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms |
title_sort | glycyrrhizin protects the diabetic retina against permeability, neuronal, and vascular damage through anti-inflammatory mechanisms |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6678129/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31269685 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8070957 |
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