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Glycyrrhizin Protects the Diabetic Retina against Permeability, Neuronal, and Vascular Damage through Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms

Damage associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), may be involved in retinal inflammation in response to high glucose. To test whether HMGB1 inhibition could protect the diabetic retina, C57BL/6J mice were made diabetic and treated with glycyrrhizin, a HMGB1 inh...

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Autores principales: Liu, Li, Jiang, Youde, Steinle, Jena J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6678129/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31269685
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8070957
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author Liu, Li
Jiang, Youde
Steinle, Jena J.
author_facet Liu, Li
Jiang, Youde
Steinle, Jena J.
author_sort Liu, Li
collection PubMed
description Damage associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), may be involved in retinal inflammation in response to high glucose. To test whether HMGB1 inhibition could protect the diabetic retina, C57BL/6J mice were made diabetic and treated with glycyrrhizin, a HMGB1 inhibitor, for up to six months. Measurements of permeability, neuronal, and vascular changes were done, as well as assessments of HMGB1, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and interleukin-1-beta (IL1β) levels. Retinal endothelial cells (REC) treated with glycyrrhizin had reduced IL1β and cleaved caspase 3 levels. Data also demonstrate that glycyrrhizin effectively reduced HMGB1 levels throughout the retina, as well as maintained normal retinal permeability and retinal capillary coverage. Glycyrrhizin maintained normal cell numbers in the ganglion cell layer and prevented thinning of the retina at two months. These histological changes were associated with reduced reactive oxygen species, as well as reduced HMGB1, TNFα, and IL1β levels. The data strongly imply that HMGB1 inhibition prevented diabetic retinal changes through anti-inflammatory pathways.
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spelling pubmed-66781292019-08-19 Glycyrrhizin Protects the Diabetic Retina against Permeability, Neuronal, and Vascular Damage through Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms Liu, Li Jiang, Youde Steinle, Jena J. J Clin Med Article Damage associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), may be involved in retinal inflammation in response to high glucose. To test whether HMGB1 inhibition could protect the diabetic retina, C57BL/6J mice were made diabetic and treated with glycyrrhizin, a HMGB1 inhibitor, for up to six months. Measurements of permeability, neuronal, and vascular changes were done, as well as assessments of HMGB1, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and interleukin-1-beta (IL1β) levels. Retinal endothelial cells (REC) treated with glycyrrhizin had reduced IL1β and cleaved caspase 3 levels. Data also demonstrate that glycyrrhizin effectively reduced HMGB1 levels throughout the retina, as well as maintained normal retinal permeability and retinal capillary coverage. Glycyrrhizin maintained normal cell numbers in the ganglion cell layer and prevented thinning of the retina at two months. These histological changes were associated with reduced reactive oxygen species, as well as reduced HMGB1, TNFα, and IL1β levels. The data strongly imply that HMGB1 inhibition prevented diabetic retinal changes through anti-inflammatory pathways. MDPI 2019-07-02 /pmc/articles/PMC6678129/ /pubmed/31269685 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8070957 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Liu, Li
Jiang, Youde
Steinle, Jena J.
Glycyrrhizin Protects the Diabetic Retina against Permeability, Neuronal, and Vascular Damage through Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms
title Glycyrrhizin Protects the Diabetic Retina against Permeability, Neuronal, and Vascular Damage through Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms
title_full Glycyrrhizin Protects the Diabetic Retina against Permeability, Neuronal, and Vascular Damage through Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms
title_fullStr Glycyrrhizin Protects the Diabetic Retina against Permeability, Neuronal, and Vascular Damage through Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms
title_full_unstemmed Glycyrrhizin Protects the Diabetic Retina against Permeability, Neuronal, and Vascular Damage through Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms
title_short Glycyrrhizin Protects the Diabetic Retina against Permeability, Neuronal, and Vascular Damage through Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms
title_sort glycyrrhizin protects the diabetic retina against permeability, neuronal, and vascular damage through anti-inflammatory mechanisms
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6678129/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31269685
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8070957
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