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The Lymphatic Headmaster of the Mast Cell-Related Splanchnic Inflammation in Portal Hypertension

Portal hypertension is a common complication of liver disease, either acute or chronic. Consequently, in chronic liver disease, such as the hypertensive mesenteric venous pathology, the coexisting inflammatory response is classically characterized by the splanchnic blood circulation. However, a vasc...

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Autores principales: Aller, Maria-Angeles, Blanco-Rivero, Javier, Arias, Natalia, Santamaria, Luis, Arias, Jaime
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6678304/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31261968
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8070658
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author Aller, Maria-Angeles
Blanco-Rivero, Javier
Arias, Natalia
Santamaria, Luis
Arias, Jaime
author_facet Aller, Maria-Angeles
Blanco-Rivero, Javier
Arias, Natalia
Santamaria, Luis
Arias, Jaime
author_sort Aller, Maria-Angeles
collection PubMed
description Portal hypertension is a common complication of liver disease, either acute or chronic. Consequently, in chronic liver disease, such as the hypertensive mesenteric venous pathology, the coexisting inflammatory response is classically characterized by the splanchnic blood circulation. However, a vascular lymphatic pathology is produced simultaneously with the splanchnic arterio-venous impairments. The pathological increase of the mesenteric venous pressure, by mechanotransduction of the venous endothelium hyperpressure, causes an inflammatory response involving the subendothelial mast cells and the lymphatic endothelium of the intestinal villi lacteal. In portal hypertension, the intestinal lymphatic inflammatory response through the development of mesenteric-systemic lymphatic collateral vessels favors the systemic diffusion of substances with a molecular pattern associated with damage and pathogens of intestinal origin. When the chronic hepatic insufficiency worsens the portal hypertensive inflammatory response, the splanchnic lymphatic system transports the hyperplasied intestinal mast cells to the mesenteric lymphatic complex. Then, an acquired immune response regulating a new hepato-intestinal metabolic scenario is activated. Therefore, reduction of the hepatic metabolism would reduce its key centralized functions, such as the metabolic, detoxifying and antioxidant functions which would try to be substituted by their peroxisome activity, among other functions of the mast cells.
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spelling pubmed-66783042019-08-19 The Lymphatic Headmaster of the Mast Cell-Related Splanchnic Inflammation in Portal Hypertension Aller, Maria-Angeles Blanco-Rivero, Javier Arias, Natalia Santamaria, Luis Arias, Jaime Cells Review Portal hypertension is a common complication of liver disease, either acute or chronic. Consequently, in chronic liver disease, such as the hypertensive mesenteric venous pathology, the coexisting inflammatory response is classically characterized by the splanchnic blood circulation. However, a vascular lymphatic pathology is produced simultaneously with the splanchnic arterio-venous impairments. The pathological increase of the mesenteric venous pressure, by mechanotransduction of the venous endothelium hyperpressure, causes an inflammatory response involving the subendothelial mast cells and the lymphatic endothelium of the intestinal villi lacteal. In portal hypertension, the intestinal lymphatic inflammatory response through the development of mesenteric-systemic lymphatic collateral vessels favors the systemic diffusion of substances with a molecular pattern associated with damage and pathogens of intestinal origin. When the chronic hepatic insufficiency worsens the portal hypertensive inflammatory response, the splanchnic lymphatic system transports the hyperplasied intestinal mast cells to the mesenteric lymphatic complex. Then, an acquired immune response regulating a new hepato-intestinal metabolic scenario is activated. Therefore, reduction of the hepatic metabolism would reduce its key centralized functions, such as the metabolic, detoxifying and antioxidant functions which would try to be substituted by their peroxisome activity, among other functions of the mast cells. MDPI 2019-06-29 /pmc/articles/PMC6678304/ /pubmed/31261968 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8070658 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Aller, Maria-Angeles
Blanco-Rivero, Javier
Arias, Natalia
Santamaria, Luis
Arias, Jaime
The Lymphatic Headmaster of the Mast Cell-Related Splanchnic Inflammation in Portal Hypertension
title The Lymphatic Headmaster of the Mast Cell-Related Splanchnic Inflammation in Portal Hypertension
title_full The Lymphatic Headmaster of the Mast Cell-Related Splanchnic Inflammation in Portal Hypertension
title_fullStr The Lymphatic Headmaster of the Mast Cell-Related Splanchnic Inflammation in Portal Hypertension
title_full_unstemmed The Lymphatic Headmaster of the Mast Cell-Related Splanchnic Inflammation in Portal Hypertension
title_short The Lymphatic Headmaster of the Mast Cell-Related Splanchnic Inflammation in Portal Hypertension
title_sort lymphatic headmaster of the mast cell-related splanchnic inflammation in portal hypertension
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6678304/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31261968
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8070658
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