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Defocused Image Changes Signaling of Ganglion Cells in the Mouse Retina

Myopia is a substantial public health problem worldwide. Although it is known that defocused images alter eye growth and refraction, their effects on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) signaling that lead to either emmetropization or refractive errors have remained elusive. This study aimed to determine if...

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Autor principal: Pan, Feng
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6678497/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31247948
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8070640
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author Pan, Feng
author_facet Pan, Feng
author_sort Pan, Feng
collection PubMed
description Myopia is a substantial public health problem worldwide. Although it is known that defocused images alter eye growth and refraction, their effects on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) signaling that lead to either emmetropization or refractive errors have remained elusive. This study aimed to determine if defocused images had an effect on signaling of RGCs in the mouse retina. ON and OFF alpha RGCs and ON–OFF RGCs were recorded from adult C57BL/6J wild-type mice. A mono green organic light-emitting display presented images generated by PsychoPy. The defocused images were projected on the retina under a microscope. Dark-adapted mouse RGCs were recorded under different powers of projected defocused images on the retina. Compared with focused images, defocused images showed a significantly decreased probability of spikes. More than half of OFF transient RGCs and ON sustained RGCs showed disparity in responses to the magnitude of plus and minus optical defocus (although remained RGCs we tested exhibited similar response to both types of defocus). ON and OFF units of ON–OFF RGCs also responded differently in the probability of spikes to defocused images and spatial frequency images. After application of a gap junction blocker, the probability of spikes of RGCs decreased with the presence of optical defocused image. At the same time, the RGCs also showed increased background noise. Therefore, defocused images changed the signaling of some ON and OFF alpha RGCs and ON–OFF RGCs in the mouse retina. The process may be the first step in the induction of myopia development. It appears that gap junctions also play a key role in this process.
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spelling pubmed-66784972019-08-19 Defocused Image Changes Signaling of Ganglion Cells in the Mouse Retina Pan, Feng Cells Article Myopia is a substantial public health problem worldwide. Although it is known that defocused images alter eye growth and refraction, their effects on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) signaling that lead to either emmetropization or refractive errors have remained elusive. This study aimed to determine if defocused images had an effect on signaling of RGCs in the mouse retina. ON and OFF alpha RGCs and ON–OFF RGCs were recorded from adult C57BL/6J wild-type mice. A mono green organic light-emitting display presented images generated by PsychoPy. The defocused images were projected on the retina under a microscope. Dark-adapted mouse RGCs were recorded under different powers of projected defocused images on the retina. Compared with focused images, defocused images showed a significantly decreased probability of spikes. More than half of OFF transient RGCs and ON sustained RGCs showed disparity in responses to the magnitude of plus and minus optical defocus (although remained RGCs we tested exhibited similar response to both types of defocus). ON and OFF units of ON–OFF RGCs also responded differently in the probability of spikes to defocused images and spatial frequency images. After application of a gap junction blocker, the probability of spikes of RGCs decreased with the presence of optical defocused image. At the same time, the RGCs also showed increased background noise. Therefore, defocused images changed the signaling of some ON and OFF alpha RGCs and ON–OFF RGCs in the mouse retina. The process may be the first step in the induction of myopia development. It appears that gap junctions also play a key role in this process. MDPI 2019-06-26 /pmc/articles/PMC6678497/ /pubmed/31247948 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8070640 Text en © 2019 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Pan, Feng
Defocused Image Changes Signaling of Ganglion Cells in the Mouse Retina
title Defocused Image Changes Signaling of Ganglion Cells in the Mouse Retina
title_full Defocused Image Changes Signaling of Ganglion Cells in the Mouse Retina
title_fullStr Defocused Image Changes Signaling of Ganglion Cells in the Mouse Retina
title_full_unstemmed Defocused Image Changes Signaling of Ganglion Cells in the Mouse Retina
title_short Defocused Image Changes Signaling of Ganglion Cells in the Mouse Retina
title_sort defocused image changes signaling of ganglion cells in the mouse retina
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6678497/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31247948
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8070640
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