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Risk Assessment on Benzene Exposure among Gasoline Station Workers
Benzene is a human carcinogen presented in gasoline (1% by volume). It is also found in vehicle exhaust. The aim of this study was to assess the health risk of inhalation exposure to benzene among gasoline station workers. The ambient benzene concentration was measured by personal sampling from 150...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6678808/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31315313 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142545 |
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author | Chaiklieng, Sunisa Suggaravetsiri, Pornnapa Autrup, Herman |
author_facet | Chaiklieng, Sunisa Suggaravetsiri, Pornnapa Autrup, Herman |
author_sort | Chaiklieng, Sunisa |
collection | PubMed |
description | Benzene is a human carcinogen presented in gasoline (1% by volume). It is also found in vehicle exhaust. The aim of this study was to assess the health risk of inhalation exposure to benzene among gasoline station workers. The ambient benzene concentration was measured by personal sampling from 150 gasoline station workers (137 fueling workers and 13 cashiers). Additional data of working characteristics were collected by interviews and on-site observations. All workers were non-smokers and passive smoking was limited. Risk assessment of inhalation exposure was determined using the United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and showed a high risk of adverse health effect (Hazard Quotients (HQ) >1) in 51.33% of workers. The cancer risk was increased from 1.35 × 10(−8) to 1.52 × 10(−4), and 70.67% of the workers had a lifetime cancer risk (>Inhalation Unit Risk (IUR): 2.2 × 10(−6)). A significantly higher risk was found in fueling workers compared to cashiers, and in workers at gasoline stations in inner-city zones (suburban and urban), compared to rural zones. All risk estimations were based upon a single measurement in an eight hour working period, which was assumed to be the average shift length for all working days in a year (250 days). The increased health risk suggests that there should be health surveillance for workers in order to protect them from exposure to benzene. In addition to benzene, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in gasoline may influence health outcomes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6678808 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-66788082019-08-19 Risk Assessment on Benzene Exposure among Gasoline Station Workers Chaiklieng, Sunisa Suggaravetsiri, Pornnapa Autrup, Herman Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Benzene is a human carcinogen presented in gasoline (1% by volume). It is also found in vehicle exhaust. The aim of this study was to assess the health risk of inhalation exposure to benzene among gasoline station workers. The ambient benzene concentration was measured by personal sampling from 150 gasoline station workers (137 fueling workers and 13 cashiers). Additional data of working characteristics were collected by interviews and on-site observations. All workers were non-smokers and passive smoking was limited. Risk assessment of inhalation exposure was determined using the United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and showed a high risk of adverse health effect (Hazard Quotients (HQ) >1) in 51.33% of workers. The cancer risk was increased from 1.35 × 10(−8) to 1.52 × 10(−4), and 70.67% of the workers had a lifetime cancer risk (>Inhalation Unit Risk (IUR): 2.2 × 10(−6)). A significantly higher risk was found in fueling workers compared to cashiers, and in workers at gasoline stations in inner-city zones (suburban and urban), compared to rural zones. All risk estimations were based upon a single measurement in an eight hour working period, which was assumed to be the average shift length for all working days in a year (250 days). The increased health risk suggests that there should be health surveillance for workers in order to protect them from exposure to benzene. In addition to benzene, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in gasoline may influence health outcomes. MDPI 2019-07-16 2019-07 /pmc/articles/PMC6678808/ /pubmed/31315313 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142545 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Chaiklieng, Sunisa Suggaravetsiri, Pornnapa Autrup, Herman Risk Assessment on Benzene Exposure among Gasoline Station Workers |
title | Risk Assessment on Benzene Exposure among Gasoline Station Workers |
title_full | Risk Assessment on Benzene Exposure among Gasoline Station Workers |
title_fullStr | Risk Assessment on Benzene Exposure among Gasoline Station Workers |
title_full_unstemmed | Risk Assessment on Benzene Exposure among Gasoline Station Workers |
title_short | Risk Assessment on Benzene Exposure among Gasoline Station Workers |
title_sort | risk assessment on benzene exposure among gasoline station workers |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6678808/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31315313 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142545 |
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