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Consumer Acceptability, Eye Fixation, and Physiological Responses: A Study of Novel and Familiar Chocolate Packaging Designs Using Eye-Tracking Devices

Eye fixations on packaging elements are not necessarily correlated to consumer attention or positive emotions towards those elements. This study aimed to assess links between the emotional responses of consumers and the eye fixations on areas of interest (AOI) of different chocolate packaging design...

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Autores principales: Gunaratne, Nadeesha M., Fuentes, Sigfredo, Gunaratne, Thejani M., Torrico, Damir D., Ashman, Hollis, Francis, Caroline, Gonzalez Viejo, Claudia, Dunshea, Frank R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6679145/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31336908
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8070253
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author Gunaratne, Nadeesha M.
Fuentes, Sigfredo
Gunaratne, Thejani M.
Torrico, Damir D.
Ashman, Hollis
Francis, Caroline
Gonzalez Viejo, Claudia
Dunshea, Frank R.
author_facet Gunaratne, Nadeesha M.
Fuentes, Sigfredo
Gunaratne, Thejani M.
Torrico, Damir D.
Ashman, Hollis
Francis, Caroline
Gonzalez Viejo, Claudia
Dunshea, Frank R.
author_sort Gunaratne, Nadeesha M.
collection PubMed
description Eye fixations on packaging elements are not necessarily correlated to consumer attention or positive emotions towards those elements. This study aimed to assess links between the emotional responses of consumers and the eye fixations on areas of interest (AOI) of different chocolate packaging designs using eye trackers. Sixty participants were exposed to six novel and six familiar (commercial) chocolate packaging concepts on tablet PC screens. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate analysis were performed on eye tracking, facial expressions, and self-reported responses. The results showed that there were significant positive correlations between liking and familiarity in commercially available concepts (r = 0.88), whereas, with novel concepts, there were no significant correlations. Overall, the total number of fixations on the familiar packaging was positively correlated (r = 0.78) with positive emotions elicited in people using the FaceReader™ (Happy), while they were not correlated with any emotion for the novel packaging. Fixations on a specific AOI were not linked to positive emotions, since, in some cases, they were related to negative emotions elicited in people or not even associated with any emotion. These findings can be used by package designers to better understand the link between the emotional responses of consumers and their eye fixation patterns for specific AOI.
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spelling pubmed-66791452019-08-19 Consumer Acceptability, Eye Fixation, and Physiological Responses: A Study of Novel and Familiar Chocolate Packaging Designs Using Eye-Tracking Devices Gunaratne, Nadeesha M. Fuentes, Sigfredo Gunaratne, Thejani M. Torrico, Damir D. Ashman, Hollis Francis, Caroline Gonzalez Viejo, Claudia Dunshea, Frank R. Foods Article Eye fixations on packaging elements are not necessarily correlated to consumer attention or positive emotions towards those elements. This study aimed to assess links between the emotional responses of consumers and the eye fixations on areas of interest (AOI) of different chocolate packaging designs using eye trackers. Sixty participants were exposed to six novel and six familiar (commercial) chocolate packaging concepts on tablet PC screens. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate analysis were performed on eye tracking, facial expressions, and self-reported responses. The results showed that there were significant positive correlations between liking and familiarity in commercially available concepts (r = 0.88), whereas, with novel concepts, there were no significant correlations. Overall, the total number of fixations on the familiar packaging was positively correlated (r = 0.78) with positive emotions elicited in people using the FaceReader™ (Happy), while they were not correlated with any emotion for the novel packaging. Fixations on a specific AOI were not linked to positive emotions, since, in some cases, they were related to negative emotions elicited in people or not even associated with any emotion. These findings can be used by package designers to better understand the link between the emotional responses of consumers and their eye fixation patterns for specific AOI. MDPI 2019-07-12 /pmc/articles/PMC6679145/ /pubmed/31336908 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8070253 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Gunaratne, Nadeesha M.
Fuentes, Sigfredo
Gunaratne, Thejani M.
Torrico, Damir D.
Ashman, Hollis
Francis, Caroline
Gonzalez Viejo, Claudia
Dunshea, Frank R.
Consumer Acceptability, Eye Fixation, and Physiological Responses: A Study of Novel and Familiar Chocolate Packaging Designs Using Eye-Tracking Devices
title Consumer Acceptability, Eye Fixation, and Physiological Responses: A Study of Novel and Familiar Chocolate Packaging Designs Using Eye-Tracking Devices
title_full Consumer Acceptability, Eye Fixation, and Physiological Responses: A Study of Novel and Familiar Chocolate Packaging Designs Using Eye-Tracking Devices
title_fullStr Consumer Acceptability, Eye Fixation, and Physiological Responses: A Study of Novel and Familiar Chocolate Packaging Designs Using Eye-Tracking Devices
title_full_unstemmed Consumer Acceptability, Eye Fixation, and Physiological Responses: A Study of Novel and Familiar Chocolate Packaging Designs Using Eye-Tracking Devices
title_short Consumer Acceptability, Eye Fixation, and Physiological Responses: A Study of Novel and Familiar Chocolate Packaging Designs Using Eye-Tracking Devices
title_sort consumer acceptability, eye fixation, and physiological responses: a study of novel and familiar chocolate packaging designs using eye-tracking devices
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6679145/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31336908
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8070253
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