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Congenital Osseous Anomalies of the Cervical Spine: Occurrence, Morphological Characteristics, Embryological Basis and Clinical Significance: A Computed Tomography Based Study

STUDY DESIGN: Observational retrospective computed tomography (CT) based study. PURPOSE: To analyze the congenital anomalies of the cervical spine, their morphological variations and their clinical significance. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Studies published to date have focused mainly on upper cervical...

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Autores principales: N. V., Ankith, Avinash, M., K. S., Srivijayanand, Shetty, Ajoy Prasad, Kanna, Rishi Mugesh, Rajasekaran, Shanmuganathan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Korean Society of Spine Surgery 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6680038/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30866614
http://dx.doi.org/10.31616/asj.2018.0260
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author N. V., Ankith
Avinash, M.
K. S., Srivijayanand
Shetty, Ajoy Prasad
Kanna, Rishi Mugesh
Rajasekaran, Shanmuganathan
author_facet N. V., Ankith
Avinash, M.
K. S., Srivijayanand
Shetty, Ajoy Prasad
Kanna, Rishi Mugesh
Rajasekaran, Shanmuganathan
author_sort N. V., Ankith
collection PubMed
description STUDY DESIGN: Observational retrospective computed tomography (CT) based study. PURPOSE: To analyze the congenital anomalies of the cervical spine, their morphological variations and their clinical significance. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Studies published to date have focused mainly on upper cervical anomalies; no study has comprehensively reported on anomalies of both the occipitocervical and subaxial cervical spine. METHODS: Nine hundred and thirty cervical spine CT scans performed in Ganga Hospital, Coimbatore, India between January 2014 and November 2017 were screened by two independent observers to document anomalies of both the upper and lower cervical spine. CT scans conducted for infection, tumor, and/or deformity were excluded. Different morphological variations, embryological basis, and clinical significance of the anomalies were discussed. RESULTS: Of the 930 CT scans screened, 308 (33.1%) had congenital anomaly. Of these, 184 (59.7%) were males and 124 (40.2.7%) were females, with a mean age of 44.2 years (range, 14–78 years). A total of 377 anomalies were identified, with 69 cases (7.4%) having more than one anomaly. Two hundred and fifty (26.8%) anomalies of the upper cervical region (occiput to C2–C3 disk space) were identified, with the most common upper cervical anomalies being high-riding vertebral artery (108 cases, 11.6%) and ponticulus posticus (PP) (75 cases, 8%). One hundred and twenty seven (13.6%) anomalies of the lower cervical spine (C3–C7) were noted, of which double foramen transversarium was the most common anomaly observed in 46 cases (4.8%). CONCLUSIONS: We found that 33.1% of CT scans had at least one congenital anomaly. Some anomalies, such as abnormal facet complex and arch anomalies, have to be differentiated from fractures in a trauma patient. Other anomalies, like PP, have to be looked for during preoperative planning to avoid complications during surgery. Therefore, knowledge of these anomalies is important as different anomalies have different clinical courses and management.
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spelling pubmed-66800382019-08-05 Congenital Osseous Anomalies of the Cervical Spine: Occurrence, Morphological Characteristics, Embryological Basis and Clinical Significance: A Computed Tomography Based Study N. V., Ankith Avinash, M. K. S., Srivijayanand Shetty, Ajoy Prasad Kanna, Rishi Mugesh Rajasekaran, Shanmuganathan Asian Spine J Clinical Study STUDY DESIGN: Observational retrospective computed tomography (CT) based study. PURPOSE: To analyze the congenital anomalies of the cervical spine, their morphological variations and their clinical significance. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Studies published to date have focused mainly on upper cervical anomalies; no study has comprehensively reported on anomalies of both the occipitocervical and subaxial cervical spine. METHODS: Nine hundred and thirty cervical spine CT scans performed in Ganga Hospital, Coimbatore, India between January 2014 and November 2017 were screened by two independent observers to document anomalies of both the upper and lower cervical spine. CT scans conducted for infection, tumor, and/or deformity were excluded. Different morphological variations, embryological basis, and clinical significance of the anomalies were discussed. RESULTS: Of the 930 CT scans screened, 308 (33.1%) had congenital anomaly. Of these, 184 (59.7%) were males and 124 (40.2.7%) were females, with a mean age of 44.2 years (range, 14–78 years). A total of 377 anomalies were identified, with 69 cases (7.4%) having more than one anomaly. Two hundred and fifty (26.8%) anomalies of the upper cervical region (occiput to C2–C3 disk space) were identified, with the most common upper cervical anomalies being high-riding vertebral artery (108 cases, 11.6%) and ponticulus posticus (PP) (75 cases, 8%). One hundred and twenty seven (13.6%) anomalies of the lower cervical spine (C3–C7) were noted, of which double foramen transversarium was the most common anomaly observed in 46 cases (4.8%). CONCLUSIONS: We found that 33.1% of CT scans had at least one congenital anomaly. Some anomalies, such as abnormal facet complex and arch anomalies, have to be differentiated from fractures in a trauma patient. Other anomalies, like PP, have to be looked for during preoperative planning to avoid complications during surgery. Therefore, knowledge of these anomalies is important as different anomalies have different clinical courses and management. Korean Society of Spine Surgery 2019-08 2019-03-14 /pmc/articles/PMC6680038/ /pubmed/30866614 http://dx.doi.org/10.31616/asj.2018.0260 Text en Copyright © 2019 by Korean Society of Spine Surgery This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Clinical Study
N. V., Ankith
Avinash, M.
K. S., Srivijayanand
Shetty, Ajoy Prasad
Kanna, Rishi Mugesh
Rajasekaran, Shanmuganathan
Congenital Osseous Anomalies of the Cervical Spine: Occurrence, Morphological Characteristics, Embryological Basis and Clinical Significance: A Computed Tomography Based Study
title Congenital Osseous Anomalies of the Cervical Spine: Occurrence, Morphological Characteristics, Embryological Basis and Clinical Significance: A Computed Tomography Based Study
title_full Congenital Osseous Anomalies of the Cervical Spine: Occurrence, Morphological Characteristics, Embryological Basis and Clinical Significance: A Computed Tomography Based Study
title_fullStr Congenital Osseous Anomalies of the Cervical Spine: Occurrence, Morphological Characteristics, Embryological Basis and Clinical Significance: A Computed Tomography Based Study
title_full_unstemmed Congenital Osseous Anomalies of the Cervical Spine: Occurrence, Morphological Characteristics, Embryological Basis and Clinical Significance: A Computed Tomography Based Study
title_short Congenital Osseous Anomalies of the Cervical Spine: Occurrence, Morphological Characteristics, Embryological Basis and Clinical Significance: A Computed Tomography Based Study
title_sort congenital osseous anomalies of the cervical spine: occurrence, morphological characteristics, embryological basis and clinical significance: a computed tomography based study
topic Clinical Study
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6680038/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30866614
http://dx.doi.org/10.31616/asj.2018.0260
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