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Proactive and Reactive Language Control in the Bilingual Brain

The current experiment investigated bilingual language control within the dual mechanisms framework. In an fMRI investigation of morphosyntactic rule production, the presence or absence of target language cues was manipulated to investigate the neural mechanisms associated with proactive and reactiv...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Seo, Roy, Prat, Chantel S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6680427/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31295815
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9070161
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author Seo, Roy
Prat, Chantel S.
author_facet Seo, Roy
Prat, Chantel S.
author_sort Seo, Roy
collection PubMed
description The current experiment investigated bilingual language control within the dual mechanisms framework. In an fMRI investigation of morphosyntactic rule production, the presence or absence of target language cues was manipulated to investigate the neural mechanisms associated with proactive and reactive global language control mechanisms. Patterns of activation across nine regions of interest (ROIs) were investigated in seventeen early Spanish–English bilingual speakers. A cue by phase interaction in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and pre-supplementary motor area (Pre-SMA) was observed, suggesting that these regions were more active during cue phases, and less active during execution phases, when target language cues were presented. Individual differences analyses showed that variability in proactive control (informative > non-informative cued trial activation during preparation) in the basal ganglia was correlated with proactive control in the left DLPFC, left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and right precentral ROIs. In contrast, reactive control (non-informative > informative cued activation during execution) in the anterior cingulate was correlated with reactive control in the Pre-SMA and left orbital frontal ROIs. The results suggest that, consistent with the dual mechanisms framework, bilinguals differ in the degree to which they use cues to proactively prepare to use a target language.
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spelling pubmed-66804272019-08-09 Proactive and Reactive Language Control in the Bilingual Brain Seo, Roy Prat, Chantel S. Brain Sci Article The current experiment investigated bilingual language control within the dual mechanisms framework. In an fMRI investigation of morphosyntactic rule production, the presence or absence of target language cues was manipulated to investigate the neural mechanisms associated with proactive and reactive global language control mechanisms. Patterns of activation across nine regions of interest (ROIs) were investigated in seventeen early Spanish–English bilingual speakers. A cue by phase interaction in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and pre-supplementary motor area (Pre-SMA) was observed, suggesting that these regions were more active during cue phases, and less active during execution phases, when target language cues were presented. Individual differences analyses showed that variability in proactive control (informative > non-informative cued trial activation during preparation) in the basal ganglia was correlated with proactive control in the left DLPFC, left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and right precentral ROIs. In contrast, reactive control (non-informative > informative cued activation during execution) in the anterior cingulate was correlated with reactive control in the Pre-SMA and left orbital frontal ROIs. The results suggest that, consistent with the dual mechanisms framework, bilinguals differ in the degree to which they use cues to proactively prepare to use a target language. MDPI 2019-07-10 /pmc/articles/PMC6680427/ /pubmed/31295815 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9070161 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Seo, Roy
Prat, Chantel S.
Proactive and Reactive Language Control in the Bilingual Brain
title Proactive and Reactive Language Control in the Bilingual Brain
title_full Proactive and Reactive Language Control in the Bilingual Brain
title_fullStr Proactive and Reactive Language Control in the Bilingual Brain
title_full_unstemmed Proactive and Reactive Language Control in the Bilingual Brain
title_short Proactive and Reactive Language Control in the Bilingual Brain
title_sort proactive and reactive language control in the bilingual brain
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6680427/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31295815
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9070161
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