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Thrust and Hydrodynamic Efficiency of the Bundled Flagella

The motility mechanism of prokaryotic organisms has inspired many untethered microswimmers that could potentially perform minimally invasive medical procedures in stagnant fluid regions inside the human body. Some of these microswimmers are inspired by bacteria with single or multiple helical flagel...

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Autores principales: Danis, Umit, Rasooli, Reza, Chen, Chia-Yuan, Dur, Onur, Sitti, Metin, Pekkan, Kerem
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6680724/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31277385
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10070449
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author Danis, Umit
Rasooli, Reza
Chen, Chia-Yuan
Dur, Onur
Sitti, Metin
Pekkan, Kerem
author_facet Danis, Umit
Rasooli, Reza
Chen, Chia-Yuan
Dur, Onur
Sitti, Metin
Pekkan, Kerem
author_sort Danis, Umit
collection PubMed
description The motility mechanism of prokaryotic organisms has inspired many untethered microswimmers that could potentially perform minimally invasive medical procedures in stagnant fluid regions inside the human body. Some of these microswimmers are inspired by bacteria with single or multiple helical flagella to propel efficiently and fast. For multiple flagella configurations, the direct measurement of thrust and hydrodynamic propulsion efficiency has been challenging due to the ambiguous mechanical coupling between the flow field and mechanical power input. To address this challenge and to compare alternative micropropulsion designs, a methodology based on volumetric velocity field acquisition is developed to acquire the key propulsive performance parameters from scaled-up swimmer prototypes. A digital particle image velocimetry (PIV) analysis protocol was implemented and experiments were conducted with the aid of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). First, this methodology was validated using a rotating single-flagellum similitude model. In addition to the standard PIV error assessment, validation studies included 2D vs. 3D PIV, axial vs. lateral PIV and simultaneously acquired direct thrust force measurement comparisons. Compatible with typical micropropulsion flow regimes, experiments were conducted both for very low and higher Reynolds (Re) number regimes (up to a Re number = 0.01) than that are reported in the literature. Finally, multiple flagella bundling configurations at 0°, 90° and 180° helical phase-shift angles were studied using scaled-up multiple concentric flagella thrust elements. Thrust generation was found to be maximal for the in-phase (0°) bundling configuration but with ~50% lower hydrodynamic efficiency than the single flagellum. The proposed measurement protocol and static thrust test-bench can be used for bio-inspired microscale propulsion methods, where direct thrust and efficiency measurement are required.
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spelling pubmed-66807242019-08-09 Thrust and Hydrodynamic Efficiency of the Bundled Flagella Danis, Umit Rasooli, Reza Chen, Chia-Yuan Dur, Onur Sitti, Metin Pekkan, Kerem Micromachines (Basel) Article The motility mechanism of prokaryotic organisms has inspired many untethered microswimmers that could potentially perform minimally invasive medical procedures in stagnant fluid regions inside the human body. Some of these microswimmers are inspired by bacteria with single or multiple helical flagella to propel efficiently and fast. For multiple flagella configurations, the direct measurement of thrust and hydrodynamic propulsion efficiency has been challenging due to the ambiguous mechanical coupling between the flow field and mechanical power input. To address this challenge and to compare alternative micropropulsion designs, a methodology based on volumetric velocity field acquisition is developed to acquire the key propulsive performance parameters from scaled-up swimmer prototypes. A digital particle image velocimetry (PIV) analysis protocol was implemented and experiments were conducted with the aid of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). First, this methodology was validated using a rotating single-flagellum similitude model. In addition to the standard PIV error assessment, validation studies included 2D vs. 3D PIV, axial vs. lateral PIV and simultaneously acquired direct thrust force measurement comparisons. Compatible with typical micropropulsion flow regimes, experiments were conducted both for very low and higher Reynolds (Re) number regimes (up to a Re number = 0.01) than that are reported in the literature. Finally, multiple flagella bundling configurations at 0°, 90° and 180° helical phase-shift angles were studied using scaled-up multiple concentric flagella thrust elements. Thrust generation was found to be maximal for the in-phase (0°) bundling configuration but with ~50% lower hydrodynamic efficiency than the single flagellum. The proposed measurement protocol and static thrust test-bench can be used for bio-inspired microscale propulsion methods, where direct thrust and efficiency measurement are required. MDPI 2019-07-04 /pmc/articles/PMC6680724/ /pubmed/31277385 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10070449 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Danis, Umit
Rasooli, Reza
Chen, Chia-Yuan
Dur, Onur
Sitti, Metin
Pekkan, Kerem
Thrust and Hydrodynamic Efficiency of the Bundled Flagella
title Thrust and Hydrodynamic Efficiency of the Bundled Flagella
title_full Thrust and Hydrodynamic Efficiency of the Bundled Flagella
title_fullStr Thrust and Hydrodynamic Efficiency of the Bundled Flagella
title_full_unstemmed Thrust and Hydrodynamic Efficiency of the Bundled Flagella
title_short Thrust and Hydrodynamic Efficiency of the Bundled Flagella
title_sort thrust and hydrodynamic efficiency of the bundled flagella
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6680724/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31277385
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10070449
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AT duronur thrustandhydrodynamicefficiencyofthebundledflagella
AT sittimetin thrustandhydrodynamicefficiencyofthebundledflagella
AT pekkankerem thrustandhydrodynamicefficiencyofthebundledflagella