Leaf Traits That Contribute to Differential Ozone Response in Ozone-Tolerant and Sensitive Soybean Genotypes

Ozone (O(3)) is a phytotoxic air pollutant that limits crop productivity. Breeding efforts to improve yield under elevated O(3) conditions will benefit from understanding the mechanisms that contribute to O(3) tolerance. In this study, leaf gas exchange and antioxidant metabolites were compared in soybean genotypes (Glycine max (L.) Merr) differing in ozone sensitivity. Mandarin (Ottawa) (O(3)-sensitive) and Fiskeby III (O(3)-tolerant) plants grown under charcoal-filtered (CF) air conditions for three weeks were exposed for five days to either CF conditions or 70 ppb O(3) in continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) in a greenhouse. In the CF controls, stomatal conductance was approximately 36% lower for Fiskeby III relative to Mandarin (Ottawa) while the two genotypes exhibited similar levels of photosynthesis. Ozone exposure induced significant foliar injury on leaves of Mandarin (Ottawa) associated with declines in both stomatal conductance (by 77%) and photosynthesis (by 38%). In contrast, O(3) exposure resulted in minimal foliar injury on leaves of Fiskeby III with only a small decline in photosynthesis (by 5%), and a further decline in stomatal conductance (by 30%). There was a general trend towards higher ascorbic acid content in leaves of Fiskeby III than in Mandarin (Ottawa) regardless of treatment. The results confirm Fiskeby III to be an O(3)-tolerant genotype and suggest that reduced stomatal conductance contributes to the observed O(3) tolerance through limiting O(3) uptake by the plant. Reduced stomatal conductance was associated with enhanced water-use efficiency, providing a potential link between O(3) tolerance and drought tolerance.