LDLR Gene Polymorphisms (rs5925 and rs1529729) Are Associated with Susceptibility to Coronary Artery Disease in a South Indian Population

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a major cause of death in India and worldwide. Atherosclerosis is caused by the interaction of environmental and genetic factors. Hypercholesterolemia is an example of a classical risk factor for CVD. The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is one of the regulating mechanisms the liver uses for cholesterol homeostasis. Gene variations in the LDLR have been reported to cause hypercholesterolemia and consequently CVD. We investigated the association of polymorphisms in the LDLR (rs5925 and rs1529729) with coronary artery disease (CAD) in 200 coronary artery disease patients and 200 matched healthy controls using allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR). The results indicated that the CT genotype of the rs1529729 polymorphism was associated a decreased susceptibility to CAD with an odds ratio (OR) = 0.42 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.23–0.77), risk ratio (RR) = 0.59 (0.39–0.89), P = 0.0047. The TT genotype of the rs1529729 polymorphism was also associated with decreased susceptibility to CAD with an OR = 0.19 (95% CI, 0.076–0.47), RR = 0.57 (0.47–0.69), P = 0.0003. The GA genotype of the rs5925 polymorphism was associated with decreased susceptibility to CAD with an OR = 0.45 (95% CI, 0.27–0.75), RR = 0.65 (0.47–0.88), P = 0.002. We concluded that the CT and TT genotypes of the rs1529729 polymorphism and the GA genotype of the rs5925 polymorphism are probably associated with decreased susceptibility to CAD. The simplicity of AS-PCR makes it particularly suitable for the rapid, large-scale screening of gene variabilities in the LDLR. AS-PCR could provide significant benefits in clinical applications with its ability to amplify a lower quantity of samples in a cost-saving manner. Nevertheless, these findings need to be validated in well-designed studies with larger sample sizes and in different populations.