Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Distal Femoral Metaphysis in a Four-year-old Female Patient Presenting with a Pathologic Fracture: A Case Report

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are benign osteolytic vascular lesions that are capable of aggressive local expansion and bone destruction. These tumors are most common in adolescent patients and constitute approximately 9% of benign tumors. ABCs can present a diagnostic challenge, as they share several histological and radiographic characteristics with more aggressive lesions, including giant cell tumors and malignant telangiectatic osteosarcomas. The management of ABCs is diverse, but the most common approach includes lesion curettage with bone grafting. Here, we present the case of a large, central ABC of the distal femur in a young, previously healthy female who presented to the emergency room with a pathologic fracture.