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Potential Risk Factors of Developmental Cognitive Delay in the First Two Years of Life
BACKGROUND: The first two years of life constitute a critical period of rapid change. The events during this phase prepare the child for subsequent developmental competency. AIM: To determine the potential risk factors that affect an infant’s cognitive development in the first two years of life in a...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Republic of Macedonia
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6684437/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31406549 http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.566 |
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author | El Din, Ebtissam M. Salah Rabah, Thanaa M. Metwally, Ammal M. Nassar, Maysa S. Elabd, Mona A Shalaan, Ashraf Kandeel, Wafaa El Etreby, Lobna A. Shaaban, Sanaa Y. |
author_facet | El Din, Ebtissam M. Salah Rabah, Thanaa M. Metwally, Ammal M. Nassar, Maysa S. Elabd, Mona A Shalaan, Ashraf Kandeel, Wafaa El Etreby, Lobna A. Shaaban, Sanaa Y. |
author_sort | El Din, Ebtissam M. Salah |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The first two years of life constitute a critical period of rapid change. The events during this phase prepare the child for subsequent developmental competency. AIM: To determine the potential risk factors that affect an infant’s cognitive development in the first two years of life in a sample of Egyptian infants SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional comparative study included 655 male and female infants. Their age ranged from 3 – 24 months. Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley III) were used for cognitive assessment. Perinatal and nutritional data were recorded. Levels of serum Zinc, Copper, Iron, vitamin B12 and complete blood count (CBC) were assessed in a subsample of 193 infants. RESULTS: Infants having below the average cognitive composite score (CCS) represented 38.47% of the whole sample. The risk of having a low average (CCS) was determined by multiple factors. Poor maternal education and low family income were the most significant social risk factors (OR = 2.19, p = 0.0003; OR = 1.64, p = 0.002 respectively). Prematurity and complicated labor represented significant perinatal risks (OR = 1.22, p = 0.005; OR = 2.39, p =0.001respectively). Bottle feeding versus breastfeeding in the first six months of life was the most significant nutritional predictor of low average (CCS) (OR = 1.79, p = 0.001). Infants with low average (CCS) had significantly lower levels of serum zinc and vitamin B12 than those with average scores. CONCLUSION: Multiple factors appear to interact affecting the early cognitive development of Egyptian infants. Prematurity, complicated labour, poor maternal education, low family income and micronutrient deficiency are the main risk factors. Studying these factors is of great value in directing governmental intervention efforts. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6684437 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Republic of Macedonia |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-66844372019-08-12 Potential Risk Factors of Developmental Cognitive Delay in the First Two Years of Life El Din, Ebtissam M. Salah Rabah, Thanaa M. Metwally, Ammal M. Nassar, Maysa S. Elabd, Mona A Shalaan, Ashraf Kandeel, Wafaa El Etreby, Lobna A. Shaaban, Sanaa Y. Open Access Maced J Med Sci Public Health BACKGROUND: The first two years of life constitute a critical period of rapid change. The events during this phase prepare the child for subsequent developmental competency. AIM: To determine the potential risk factors that affect an infant’s cognitive development in the first two years of life in a sample of Egyptian infants SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional comparative study included 655 male and female infants. Their age ranged from 3 – 24 months. Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley III) were used for cognitive assessment. Perinatal and nutritional data were recorded. Levels of serum Zinc, Copper, Iron, vitamin B12 and complete blood count (CBC) were assessed in a subsample of 193 infants. RESULTS: Infants having below the average cognitive composite score (CCS) represented 38.47% of the whole sample. The risk of having a low average (CCS) was determined by multiple factors. Poor maternal education and low family income were the most significant social risk factors (OR = 2.19, p = 0.0003; OR = 1.64, p = 0.002 respectively). Prematurity and complicated labor represented significant perinatal risks (OR = 1.22, p = 0.005; OR = 2.39, p =0.001respectively). Bottle feeding versus breastfeeding in the first six months of life was the most significant nutritional predictor of low average (CCS) (OR = 1.79, p = 0.001). Infants with low average (CCS) had significantly lower levels of serum zinc and vitamin B12 than those with average scores. CONCLUSION: Multiple factors appear to interact affecting the early cognitive development of Egyptian infants. Prematurity, complicated labour, poor maternal education, low family income and micronutrient deficiency are the main risk factors. Studying these factors is of great value in directing governmental intervention efforts. Republic of Macedonia 2019-06-30 /pmc/articles/PMC6684437/ /pubmed/31406549 http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.566 Text en Copyright: © 2019 Ebtissam M. Salah El Din, Thanaa M. Rabah, Ammal M. Metwally, Maysa S. Nassar, Mona A Elabd, Ashraf Shalaan, Wafaa Kandeel, Lobna A. El Etreby, Sanaa Y. Shaaban. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/CC BY-NC/4.0 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). |
spellingShingle | Public Health El Din, Ebtissam M. Salah Rabah, Thanaa M. Metwally, Ammal M. Nassar, Maysa S. Elabd, Mona A Shalaan, Ashraf Kandeel, Wafaa El Etreby, Lobna A. Shaaban, Sanaa Y. Potential Risk Factors of Developmental Cognitive Delay in the First Two Years of Life |
title | Potential Risk Factors of Developmental Cognitive Delay in the First Two Years of Life |
title_full | Potential Risk Factors of Developmental Cognitive Delay in the First Two Years of Life |
title_fullStr | Potential Risk Factors of Developmental Cognitive Delay in the First Two Years of Life |
title_full_unstemmed | Potential Risk Factors of Developmental Cognitive Delay in the First Two Years of Life |
title_short | Potential Risk Factors of Developmental Cognitive Delay in the First Two Years of Life |
title_sort | potential risk factors of developmental cognitive delay in the first two years of life |
topic | Public Health |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6684437/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31406549 http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.566 |
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