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Early Life Child Micronutrient Status, Maternal Reasoning, and a Nurturing Household Environment have Persistent Influences on Child Cognitive Development at Age 5 years: Results from MAL-ED
BACKGROUND: Child cognitive development is influenced by early-life insults and protective factors. To what extent these factors have a long-term legacy on child development and hence fulfillment of cognitive potential is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the relation between...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6686051/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31162601 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz055 |
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author | McCormick, Benjamin J J Richard, Stephanie A Caulfield, Laura E Pendergast, Laura L Seidman, Jessica C Koshy, Beena Roshan, Reeba Shrestha, Rita Svensen, Erling Blacy, Ladislaus Rasmussen, Zeba Maphula, Angelina Scharf, Rebecca Nahar, Baitun Haque, Sayma Rasheed, Muneera Oria, Reinaldo Rogawski, Elizabeth T Murray-Kolb, Laura E |
author_facet | McCormick, Benjamin J J Richard, Stephanie A Caulfield, Laura E Pendergast, Laura L Seidman, Jessica C Koshy, Beena Roshan, Reeba Shrestha, Rita Svensen, Erling Blacy, Ladislaus Rasmussen, Zeba Maphula, Angelina Scharf, Rebecca Nahar, Baitun Haque, Sayma Rasheed, Muneera Oria, Reinaldo Rogawski, Elizabeth T Murray-Kolb, Laura E |
author_sort | McCormick, Benjamin J J |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Child cognitive development is influenced by early-life insults and protective factors. To what extent these factors have a long-term legacy on child development and hence fulfillment of cognitive potential is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the relation between early-life factors (birth to 2 y) and cognitive development at 5 y. METHODS: Observational follow-up visits were made of children at 5 y, previously enrolled in the community-based MAL-ED longitudinal cohort. The burden of enteropathogens, prevalence of illness, complementary diet intake, micronutrient status, and household and maternal factors from birth to 2 y were extensively measured and their relation with the Wechsler Preschool Primary Scales of Intelligence at 5 y was examined through use of linear regression. RESULTS: Cognitive T-scores from 813 of 1198 (68%) children were examined and 5 variables had significant associations in multivariable models: mean child plasma transferrin receptor concentration (β: −1.81, 95% CI: −2.75, −0.86), number of years of maternal education (β: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.45), maternal cognitive reasoning score (β: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.15), household assets score (β: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.24, 1.04), and HOME child cleanliness factor (β: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.05, 1.15). In multivariable models, the mean rate of enteropathogen detections, burden of illness, and complementary food intakes between birth and 2 y were not significantly related to 5-y cognition. CONCLUSIONS: A nurturing home context in terms of a healthy/clean environment and household wealth, provision of adequate micronutrients, maternal education, and cognitive reasoning have a strong and persistent influence on child cognitive development. Efforts addressing aspects of poverty around micronutrient status, nurturing caregiving, and enabling home environments are likely to have lasting positive impacts on child cognitive development. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6686051 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-66860512019-08-14 Early Life Child Micronutrient Status, Maternal Reasoning, and a Nurturing Household Environment have Persistent Influences on Child Cognitive Development at Age 5 years: Results from MAL-ED McCormick, Benjamin J J Richard, Stephanie A Caulfield, Laura E Pendergast, Laura L Seidman, Jessica C Koshy, Beena Roshan, Reeba Shrestha, Rita Svensen, Erling Blacy, Ladislaus Rasmussen, Zeba Maphula, Angelina Scharf, Rebecca Nahar, Baitun Haque, Sayma Rasheed, Muneera Oria, Reinaldo Rogawski, Elizabeth T Murray-Kolb, Laura E J Nutr Original Research Article BACKGROUND: Child cognitive development is influenced by early-life insults and protective factors. To what extent these factors have a long-term legacy on child development and hence fulfillment of cognitive potential is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the relation between early-life factors (birth to 2 y) and cognitive development at 5 y. METHODS: Observational follow-up visits were made of children at 5 y, previously enrolled in the community-based MAL-ED longitudinal cohort. The burden of enteropathogens, prevalence of illness, complementary diet intake, micronutrient status, and household and maternal factors from birth to 2 y were extensively measured and their relation with the Wechsler Preschool Primary Scales of Intelligence at 5 y was examined through use of linear regression. RESULTS: Cognitive T-scores from 813 of 1198 (68%) children were examined and 5 variables had significant associations in multivariable models: mean child plasma transferrin receptor concentration (β: −1.81, 95% CI: −2.75, −0.86), number of years of maternal education (β: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.45), maternal cognitive reasoning score (β: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.15), household assets score (β: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.24, 1.04), and HOME child cleanliness factor (β: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.05, 1.15). In multivariable models, the mean rate of enteropathogen detections, burden of illness, and complementary food intakes between birth and 2 y were not significantly related to 5-y cognition. CONCLUSIONS: A nurturing home context in terms of a healthy/clean environment and household wealth, provision of adequate micronutrients, maternal education, and cognitive reasoning have a strong and persistent influence on child cognitive development. Efforts addressing aspects of poverty around micronutrient status, nurturing caregiving, and enabling home environments are likely to have lasting positive impacts on child cognitive development. Oxford University Press 2019-08 2019-06-04 /pmc/articles/PMC6686051/ /pubmed/31162601 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz055 Text en Copyright © American Society for Nutrition 2019. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Research Article McCormick, Benjamin J J Richard, Stephanie A Caulfield, Laura E Pendergast, Laura L Seidman, Jessica C Koshy, Beena Roshan, Reeba Shrestha, Rita Svensen, Erling Blacy, Ladislaus Rasmussen, Zeba Maphula, Angelina Scharf, Rebecca Nahar, Baitun Haque, Sayma Rasheed, Muneera Oria, Reinaldo Rogawski, Elizabeth T Murray-Kolb, Laura E Early Life Child Micronutrient Status, Maternal Reasoning, and a Nurturing Household Environment have Persistent Influences on Child Cognitive Development at Age 5 years: Results from MAL-ED |
title | Early Life Child Micronutrient Status, Maternal Reasoning, and a Nurturing Household Environment have Persistent Influences on Child Cognitive Development at Age 5 years: Results from MAL-ED |
title_full | Early Life Child Micronutrient Status, Maternal Reasoning, and a Nurturing Household Environment have Persistent Influences on Child Cognitive Development at Age 5 years: Results from MAL-ED |
title_fullStr | Early Life Child Micronutrient Status, Maternal Reasoning, and a Nurturing Household Environment have Persistent Influences on Child Cognitive Development at Age 5 years: Results from MAL-ED |
title_full_unstemmed | Early Life Child Micronutrient Status, Maternal Reasoning, and a Nurturing Household Environment have Persistent Influences on Child Cognitive Development at Age 5 years: Results from MAL-ED |
title_short | Early Life Child Micronutrient Status, Maternal Reasoning, and a Nurturing Household Environment have Persistent Influences on Child Cognitive Development at Age 5 years: Results from MAL-ED |
title_sort | early life child micronutrient status, maternal reasoning, and a nurturing household environment have persistent influences on child cognitive development at age 5 years: results from mal-ed |
topic | Original Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6686051/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31162601 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz055 |
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