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Irisin: A Hope in Understanding and Managing Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome
White adipose tissue (WAT) is an endocrine organ highly integrated in homeostasis and capable of establishing ways of communicating and influencing multiple metabolic processes. Brown adipose tissue promotes energy expenditure by incorporating the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), also known as thermogen...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6687775/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31428053 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00524 |
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author | Arhire, Lidia I. Mihalache, Laura Covasa, Mihai |
author_facet | Arhire, Lidia I. Mihalache, Laura Covasa, Mihai |
author_sort | Arhire, Lidia I. |
collection | PubMed |
description | White adipose tissue (WAT) is an endocrine organ highly integrated in homeostasis and capable of establishing ways of communicating and influencing multiple metabolic processes. Brown adipose tissue promotes energy expenditure by incorporating the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), also known as thermogenin, which decouples cellular respiration and heat production, in the mitochondrial membranes. Recent data suggest the presence of a thermogenic cell formation from white adipocytes (beige or brite cells) with a potential role in preventing obesity and metabolic syndrome. The formation of these cells is influenced by physical exertion that induces expression of PPARγ coactivator-1 (PGC1) and downstream membrane protein, fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) in skeletal muscle. Irisin, a thermogenic adipomyokine produced by FNDC5 cleavage is involved in the browning of adipose tissue. While animal studies are congruent with regard to the relationship between physical exertion and irisin release, the results from human studies are less than clear. Therefore, this review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of muscle and adipose tissue thermogenesis. Further, it describes the molecular mechanisms by which irisin impacts exercise, glucose homeostasis and obesity. Finally, the review discusses current gaps and controversies related to irisin release, its mode of action and its future potential as a therapeutic tool in managing obesity and metabolic syndrome. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6687775 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-66877752019-08-19 Irisin: A Hope in Understanding and Managing Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Arhire, Lidia I. Mihalache, Laura Covasa, Mihai Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Endocrinology White adipose tissue (WAT) is an endocrine organ highly integrated in homeostasis and capable of establishing ways of communicating and influencing multiple metabolic processes. Brown adipose tissue promotes energy expenditure by incorporating the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), also known as thermogenin, which decouples cellular respiration and heat production, in the mitochondrial membranes. Recent data suggest the presence of a thermogenic cell formation from white adipocytes (beige or brite cells) with a potential role in preventing obesity and metabolic syndrome. The formation of these cells is influenced by physical exertion that induces expression of PPARγ coactivator-1 (PGC1) and downstream membrane protein, fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) in skeletal muscle. Irisin, a thermogenic adipomyokine produced by FNDC5 cleavage is involved in the browning of adipose tissue. While animal studies are congruent with regard to the relationship between physical exertion and irisin release, the results from human studies are less than clear. Therefore, this review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of muscle and adipose tissue thermogenesis. Further, it describes the molecular mechanisms by which irisin impacts exercise, glucose homeostasis and obesity. Finally, the review discusses current gaps and controversies related to irisin release, its mode of action and its future potential as a therapeutic tool in managing obesity and metabolic syndrome. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-08-02 /pmc/articles/PMC6687775/ /pubmed/31428053 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00524 Text en Copyright © 2019 Arhire, Mihalache and Covasa. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Endocrinology Arhire, Lidia I. Mihalache, Laura Covasa, Mihai Irisin: A Hope in Understanding and Managing Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome |
title | Irisin: A Hope in Understanding and Managing Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome |
title_full | Irisin: A Hope in Understanding and Managing Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome |
title_fullStr | Irisin: A Hope in Understanding and Managing Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome |
title_full_unstemmed | Irisin: A Hope in Understanding and Managing Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome |
title_short | Irisin: A Hope in Understanding and Managing Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome |
title_sort | irisin: a hope in understanding and managing obesity and metabolic syndrome |
topic | Endocrinology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6687775/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31428053 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00524 |
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