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Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soil from the Raoyanghe Wetland, China
Wetlands are recognized as one of the most important natural environments for humans. At the same time, heavy metal pollution has an important impact on wetlands. China's Raoyanghe Wetland is one of the most important natural wild species gene banks in China. Eight heavy metal elements (As, Cd,...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6688808/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31398209 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220409 |
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author | Wang, Xuedong Sun, Yanfeng Li, Shiyu Wang, Hanxi |
author_facet | Wang, Xuedong Sun, Yanfeng Li, Shiyu Wang, Hanxi |
author_sort | Wang, Xuedong |
collection | PubMed |
description | Wetlands are recognized as one of the most important natural environments for humans. At the same time, heavy metal pollution has an important impact on wetlands. China's Raoyanghe Wetland is one of the most important natural wild species gene banks in China. Eight heavy metal elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in surface layer and deep layer soils were analyzed using statistical-, pollution index-, and Nemerow index-based methods, the Hakanson potential ecological risk index method, and principal component and cluster analyses. The results showed that the maximum concentrations of heavy metals exceeded the background values in the core area and buffer zone of the wetland, but the heavy metal content of the soils was generally low and did not exceed 30%. With the exception of Hg, heavy metal concentrations showed strong spatial differentiation. The differences between the surface layer and deep layer soils of the core area were smaller than in the buffer zone. With the exception of Cd, a clear vertical zonation in the buffer zone soils was observed, showing greater evidence of external influences in this zone than the core. With the exception of partial surface soils, which indicated a safe level of pollution in the core area, all other soils were classified as having a ‘mild’ level of pollution. Thus, the wetland is moderately polluted, with both the core area and the buffer zone presenting a low level of potential ecological risk. According to the results of the present study, heavy metal contaminants in the wetland soils were found to be derived mainly from the natural sources. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6688808 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-66888082019-08-15 Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soil from the Raoyanghe Wetland, China Wang, Xuedong Sun, Yanfeng Li, Shiyu Wang, Hanxi PLoS One Research Article Wetlands are recognized as one of the most important natural environments for humans. At the same time, heavy metal pollution has an important impact on wetlands. China's Raoyanghe Wetland is one of the most important natural wild species gene banks in China. Eight heavy metal elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in surface layer and deep layer soils were analyzed using statistical-, pollution index-, and Nemerow index-based methods, the Hakanson potential ecological risk index method, and principal component and cluster analyses. The results showed that the maximum concentrations of heavy metals exceeded the background values in the core area and buffer zone of the wetland, but the heavy metal content of the soils was generally low and did not exceed 30%. With the exception of Hg, heavy metal concentrations showed strong spatial differentiation. The differences between the surface layer and deep layer soils of the core area were smaller than in the buffer zone. With the exception of Cd, a clear vertical zonation in the buffer zone soils was observed, showing greater evidence of external influences in this zone than the core. With the exception of partial surface soils, which indicated a safe level of pollution in the core area, all other soils were classified as having a ‘mild’ level of pollution. Thus, the wetland is moderately polluted, with both the core area and the buffer zone presenting a low level of potential ecological risk. According to the results of the present study, heavy metal contaminants in the wetland soils were found to be derived mainly from the natural sources. Public Library of Science 2019-08-09 /pmc/articles/PMC6688808/ /pubmed/31398209 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220409 Text en © 2019 Wang et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Wang, Xuedong Sun, Yanfeng Li, Shiyu Wang, Hanxi Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soil from the Raoyanghe Wetland, China |
title | Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soil from the Raoyanghe Wetland, China |
title_full | Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soil from the Raoyanghe Wetland, China |
title_fullStr | Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soil from the Raoyanghe Wetland, China |
title_full_unstemmed | Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soil from the Raoyanghe Wetland, China |
title_short | Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soil from the Raoyanghe Wetland, China |
title_sort | spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soil from the raoyanghe wetland, china |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6688808/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31398209 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220409 |
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