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Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soil from the Raoyanghe Wetland, China

Wetlands are recognized as one of the most important natural environments for humans. At the same time, heavy metal pollution has an important impact on wetlands. China's Raoyanghe Wetland is one of the most important natural wild species gene banks in China. Eight heavy metal elements (As, Cd,...

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Autores principales: Wang, Xuedong, Sun, Yanfeng, Li, Shiyu, Wang, Hanxi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6688808/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31398209
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220409
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author Wang, Xuedong
Sun, Yanfeng
Li, Shiyu
Wang, Hanxi
author_facet Wang, Xuedong
Sun, Yanfeng
Li, Shiyu
Wang, Hanxi
author_sort Wang, Xuedong
collection PubMed
description Wetlands are recognized as one of the most important natural environments for humans. At the same time, heavy metal pollution has an important impact on wetlands. China's Raoyanghe Wetland is one of the most important natural wild species gene banks in China. Eight heavy metal elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in surface layer and deep layer soils were analyzed using statistical-, pollution index-, and Nemerow index-based methods, the Hakanson potential ecological risk index method, and principal component and cluster analyses. The results showed that the maximum concentrations of heavy metals exceeded the background values in the core area and buffer zone of the wetland, but the heavy metal content of the soils was generally low and did not exceed 30%. With the exception of Hg, heavy metal concentrations showed strong spatial differentiation. The differences between the surface layer and deep layer soils of the core area were smaller than in the buffer zone. With the exception of Cd, a clear vertical zonation in the buffer zone soils was observed, showing greater evidence of external influences in this zone than the core. With the exception of partial surface soils, which indicated a safe level of pollution in the core area, all other soils were classified as having a ‘mild’ level of pollution. Thus, the wetland is moderately polluted, with both the core area and the buffer zone presenting a low level of potential ecological risk. According to the results of the present study, heavy metal contaminants in the wetland soils were found to be derived mainly from the natural sources.
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spelling pubmed-66888082019-08-15 Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soil from the Raoyanghe Wetland, China Wang, Xuedong Sun, Yanfeng Li, Shiyu Wang, Hanxi PLoS One Research Article Wetlands are recognized as one of the most important natural environments for humans. At the same time, heavy metal pollution has an important impact on wetlands. China's Raoyanghe Wetland is one of the most important natural wild species gene banks in China. Eight heavy metal elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in surface layer and deep layer soils were analyzed using statistical-, pollution index-, and Nemerow index-based methods, the Hakanson potential ecological risk index method, and principal component and cluster analyses. The results showed that the maximum concentrations of heavy metals exceeded the background values in the core area and buffer zone of the wetland, but the heavy metal content of the soils was generally low and did not exceed 30%. With the exception of Hg, heavy metal concentrations showed strong spatial differentiation. The differences between the surface layer and deep layer soils of the core area were smaller than in the buffer zone. With the exception of Cd, a clear vertical zonation in the buffer zone soils was observed, showing greater evidence of external influences in this zone than the core. With the exception of partial surface soils, which indicated a safe level of pollution in the core area, all other soils were classified as having a ‘mild’ level of pollution. Thus, the wetland is moderately polluted, with both the core area and the buffer zone presenting a low level of potential ecological risk. According to the results of the present study, heavy metal contaminants in the wetland soils were found to be derived mainly from the natural sources. Public Library of Science 2019-08-09 /pmc/articles/PMC6688808/ /pubmed/31398209 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220409 Text en © 2019 Wang et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Wang, Xuedong
Sun, Yanfeng
Li, Shiyu
Wang, Hanxi
Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soil from the Raoyanghe Wetland, China
title Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soil from the Raoyanghe Wetland, China
title_full Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soil from the Raoyanghe Wetland, China
title_fullStr Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soil from the Raoyanghe Wetland, China
title_full_unstemmed Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soil from the Raoyanghe Wetland, China
title_short Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soil from the Raoyanghe Wetland, China
title_sort spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soil from the raoyanghe wetland, china
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6688808/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31398209
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220409
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