Comparison of hemodynamic changes of magnesium sulfate and dexmedetomidine for an axillary brachial plexus block

INTRODUCTION: Axillary brachial plexus block is used for anesthesia in hands and forearm surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the hemodynamic changes of magnesium sulfate and dexmedetomidine in axillary block. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 99 patients undergoing a forearm and hand surgery at the Vali-Asr Hospital. Patients were divided into three groups. Dexmedetomidine group consisted of lidocaine 1.5% plus 0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine, magnesium sulfate group included lidocaine 1.5% plus 100 mg magnesium sulfate, and the control group received lidocaine 1.5% with normal saline. The final volume was divided into 35 groups in three groups. Blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation were measured every 5 minutes during surgery, and data were analyzed by SPSS 23. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between the three groups in terms of the mean blood pressure during surgery (P < 0.05). At all times, blood pressure in the dexmedetomidine group was lower as compared to the other two groups. But in the 20(th) and 25(th) minutes, there was a relative increase in blood pressure. There was a significant difference between the three groups in terms of heart rate during surgery in minutes 20, 25, 65–100, and 110–120 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The final result showed that the blood pressure and heart rate of the dexmedetomidine group patients at different times were less than the other two groups.