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Clinical and cost-effectiveness of contingency management for cannabis use in early psychosis: the CIRCLE randomised clinical trial

BACKGROUND: Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance amongst people with psychosis. Continued cannabis use following the onset of psychosis is associated with poorer functional and clinical outcomes. However, finding effective ways of intervening has been very challenging. We examined th...

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Autores principales: Sheridan Rains, Luke, Marston, Louise, Hinton, Mark, Marwaha, Steven, Craig, Thomas, Fowler, David, King, Michael, Omar, Rumana Z., McCrone, Paul, Spencer, Jonathan, Taylor, Joanne, Colman, Sophie, Harder, Catherine, Gilbert, Eleanor, Randhawa, Amie, Labuschagne, Kirsty, Jones, Charlotte, Stefanidou, Theodora, Christoforou, Marina, Craig, Meghan, Strang, John, Weaver, Tim, Johnson, Sonia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6694526/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31412884
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1395-5
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author Sheridan Rains, Luke
Marston, Louise
Hinton, Mark
Marwaha, Steven
Craig, Thomas
Fowler, David
King, Michael
Omar, Rumana Z.
McCrone, Paul
Spencer, Jonathan
Taylor, Joanne
Colman, Sophie
Harder, Catherine
Gilbert, Eleanor
Randhawa, Amie
Labuschagne, Kirsty
Jones, Charlotte
Stefanidou, Theodora
Christoforou, Marina
Craig, Meghan
Strang, John
Weaver, Tim
Johnson, Sonia
author_facet Sheridan Rains, Luke
Marston, Louise
Hinton, Mark
Marwaha, Steven
Craig, Thomas
Fowler, David
King, Michael
Omar, Rumana Z.
McCrone, Paul
Spencer, Jonathan
Taylor, Joanne
Colman, Sophie
Harder, Catherine
Gilbert, Eleanor
Randhawa, Amie
Labuschagne, Kirsty
Jones, Charlotte
Stefanidou, Theodora
Christoforou, Marina
Craig, Meghan
Strang, John
Weaver, Tim
Johnson, Sonia
author_sort Sheridan Rains, Luke
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance amongst people with psychosis. Continued cannabis use following the onset of psychosis is associated with poorer functional and clinical outcomes. However, finding effective ways of intervening has been very challenging. We examined the clinical and cost-effectiveness of adjunctive contingency management (CM), which involves incentives for abstinence from cannabis use, in people with a recent diagnosis of psychosis. METHODS: CIRCLE was a pragmatic multi-centre randomised controlled trial. Participants were recruited via Early Intervention in Psychosis (EIP) services across the Midlands and South East of England. They had had at least one episode of clinically diagnosed psychosis (affective or non-affective); were aged 18 to 36; reported cannabis use in at least 12 out of the previous 24 weeks; and were not currently receiving treatment for cannabis misuse, or subject to a legal requirement for cannabis testing. Participants were randomised via a secure web-based service 1:1 to either an experimental arm, involving 12 weeks of CM plus a six-session psychoeducation package, or a control arm receiving the psychoeducation package only. The total potential voucher reward in the CM intervention was £240. The primary outcome was time to acute psychiatric care, operationalised as admission to an acute mental health service (including community alternatives to admission). Primary outcome data were collected from patient records at 18 months post-consent by assessors masked to allocation. The trial was registered with the ISRCTN registry, number ISRCTN33576045. RESULTS: Five hundred fifty-one participants were recruited between June 2012 and April 2016. Primary outcome data were obtained for 272 (98%) in the CM (experimental) group and 259 (95%) in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in time to acute psychiatric care (the primary outcome) (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.76, 1.40) between groups. By 18 months, 90 (33%) of participants in the CM group, and 85 (30%) of the control groups had been admitted at least once to an acute psychiatric service. Amongst those who had experienced an acute psychiatric admission, the median time to admission was 196 days (IQR 82, 364) in the CM group and 245 days (IQR 99, 382) in the control group. Cost-effectiveness analyses suggest that there is an 81% likelihood that the intervention was cost-effective, mainly resulting from higher mean inpatient costs for the control group compared with the CM group; however, the cost difference between groups was not statistically significant. There were 58 adverse events, 27 in the CM group and 31 in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these results suggest that CM is not an effective intervention for improving the time to acute psychiatric admission or reducing cannabis use in psychosis, at least at the level of voucher reward offered.
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spelling pubmed-66945262019-08-19 Clinical and cost-effectiveness of contingency management for cannabis use in early psychosis: the CIRCLE randomised clinical trial Sheridan Rains, Luke Marston, Louise Hinton, Mark Marwaha, Steven Craig, Thomas Fowler, David King, Michael Omar, Rumana Z. McCrone, Paul Spencer, Jonathan Taylor, Joanne Colman, Sophie Harder, Catherine Gilbert, Eleanor Randhawa, Amie Labuschagne, Kirsty Jones, Charlotte Stefanidou, Theodora Christoforou, Marina Craig, Meghan Strang, John Weaver, Tim Johnson, Sonia BMC Med Research Article BACKGROUND: Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance amongst people with psychosis. Continued cannabis use following the onset of psychosis is associated with poorer functional and clinical outcomes. However, finding effective ways of intervening has been very challenging. We examined the clinical and cost-effectiveness of adjunctive contingency management (CM), which involves incentives for abstinence from cannabis use, in people with a recent diagnosis of psychosis. METHODS: CIRCLE was a pragmatic multi-centre randomised controlled trial. Participants were recruited via Early Intervention in Psychosis (EIP) services across the Midlands and South East of England. They had had at least one episode of clinically diagnosed psychosis (affective or non-affective); were aged 18 to 36; reported cannabis use in at least 12 out of the previous 24 weeks; and were not currently receiving treatment for cannabis misuse, or subject to a legal requirement for cannabis testing. Participants were randomised via a secure web-based service 1:1 to either an experimental arm, involving 12 weeks of CM plus a six-session psychoeducation package, or a control arm receiving the psychoeducation package only. The total potential voucher reward in the CM intervention was £240. The primary outcome was time to acute psychiatric care, operationalised as admission to an acute mental health service (including community alternatives to admission). Primary outcome data were collected from patient records at 18 months post-consent by assessors masked to allocation. The trial was registered with the ISRCTN registry, number ISRCTN33576045. RESULTS: Five hundred fifty-one participants were recruited between June 2012 and April 2016. Primary outcome data were obtained for 272 (98%) in the CM (experimental) group and 259 (95%) in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in time to acute psychiatric care (the primary outcome) (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.76, 1.40) between groups. By 18 months, 90 (33%) of participants in the CM group, and 85 (30%) of the control groups had been admitted at least once to an acute psychiatric service. Amongst those who had experienced an acute psychiatric admission, the median time to admission was 196 days (IQR 82, 364) in the CM group and 245 days (IQR 99, 382) in the control group. Cost-effectiveness analyses suggest that there is an 81% likelihood that the intervention was cost-effective, mainly resulting from higher mean inpatient costs for the control group compared with the CM group; however, the cost difference between groups was not statistically significant. There were 58 adverse events, 27 in the CM group and 31 in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these results suggest that CM is not an effective intervention for improving the time to acute psychiatric admission or reducing cannabis use in psychosis, at least at the level of voucher reward offered. BioMed Central 2019-08-15 /pmc/articles/PMC6694526/ /pubmed/31412884 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1395-5 Text en © The Author(s). 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Sheridan Rains, Luke
Marston, Louise
Hinton, Mark
Marwaha, Steven
Craig, Thomas
Fowler, David
King, Michael
Omar, Rumana Z.
McCrone, Paul
Spencer, Jonathan
Taylor, Joanne
Colman, Sophie
Harder, Catherine
Gilbert, Eleanor
Randhawa, Amie
Labuschagne, Kirsty
Jones, Charlotte
Stefanidou, Theodora
Christoforou, Marina
Craig, Meghan
Strang, John
Weaver, Tim
Johnson, Sonia
Clinical and cost-effectiveness of contingency management for cannabis use in early psychosis: the CIRCLE randomised clinical trial
title Clinical and cost-effectiveness of contingency management for cannabis use in early psychosis: the CIRCLE randomised clinical trial
title_full Clinical and cost-effectiveness of contingency management for cannabis use in early psychosis: the CIRCLE randomised clinical trial
title_fullStr Clinical and cost-effectiveness of contingency management for cannabis use in early psychosis: the CIRCLE randomised clinical trial
title_full_unstemmed Clinical and cost-effectiveness of contingency management for cannabis use in early psychosis: the CIRCLE randomised clinical trial
title_short Clinical and cost-effectiveness of contingency management for cannabis use in early psychosis: the CIRCLE randomised clinical trial
title_sort clinical and cost-effectiveness of contingency management for cannabis use in early psychosis: the circle randomised clinical trial
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6694526/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31412884
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1395-5
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