Quasi Similar Routes of NO(2) and NO Sensing by Nanocrystalline WO(3): Evidence by In Situ DRIFT Spectroscopy

Tungsten oxide is a renowned material for resistive type gas sensors with high sensitivity to nitrogen oxides. Most studies have been focused on sensing applications of WO(3) for the detection of NO(2) and a sensing mechanism has been established. However, less is known about NO sensing routes. There is disagreement on whether NO is detected as an oxidizing or reducing gas, due to the ambivalent redox behavior of nitric oxide. In this work, nanocrystalline WO(3) with different particle size was synthesized by aqueous deposition of tungstic acid and heat treatment. A high sensitivity to NO(2) and NO and low cross-sensitivities to interfering gases were established by DC-resistance measurements of WO(3) sensors. Both nitrogen oxides were detected as the oxidizing gases. Sensor signals increased with the decrease of WO(3) particle size and had similar dependence on temperature and humidity. By means of in situ infrared (DRIFT) spectroscopy similar interaction routes of NO(2) and NO with the surface of tungsten oxide were unveiled. Analysis of the effect of reaction conditions on sensor signals and infrared spectra led to the conclusion that the interaction of WO(3) surface with NO was independent of gas-phase oxidation to NO(2).