Health-related quality of life of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Yemen: prospective study

BACKGROUND: Substantial efforts are currently focused on investigating and developing new multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) drugs and diagnostic methods. In Yemen, however, the evaluation of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the effect of current MDR-TB treatment on the QoL are commonly ignored. This study evaluated the HRQoL during and after treatment and identified the risk factors that are predictive of HRQoL score differences. METHOD: A prospective cohort study was conducted in four of the five main MDR-TB centres in Yemen. The patients confirmed with MDR-TB completed the SF-36 V2 survey at the beginning of treatment, end of treatment (continous phase) and at the 1 year follow-up after completing treatment. A total normal base score (NBS) of < 47 reflects impairment of functions, whereas a mental component summary (MCS) score of < 43 indicates a risk of depression. RESULT: At the beginning of treatment, the mean scores for all health domains were < 47 NBS points (PF = 40.7, RP = 16.1, BP = 21.6, GH = 28.3, VT = 14.55, SF = 25.9, RE = 13.7, and MH = 14.7). At the completion of treatment, all eight health domains increase compare to beginning of treatment (PF = 59.3, RP = 31.1, BP = 40.9, GH = 48.5, VT = 30.5, SF = 46.6, RE =26.6 & MH = 27.7), but a follow-up duration of 1 year after completing treatment showed decreased NBS points in all domains (PF = 51.5, RP = 30.6, BP = 39.1, GH = 47.8, VT = 30.2, SF = 43.7, RE =26.4 & MH = 27.2). Age, history of streptomycin use, baseline lung cavity, marital status and length of sickness before MDR-TB diagnosis were predictive of in PCS score differences, whereas, age, smoking, baseline lung cavity, stigma, residence, marital status and length of sickness before MDR-TB diagnosis were predictive of MCS scores differences. CONCLUSION: The length of sickness before DR-TB diagnosis was found to be predictive of the trends in both PCS and MCS scores. Despite the positive outcome of MDR-TB treatment, the low HRQoL scores obtained for all heath domains and especially for mental health reflect a high depression status of patients even after 1 year of completing therapy. Moreover, the poor HRQoL, particularly regarding mental health, of study participants at the end of treatment demands the need for urgent attention from national tuberculosis control programme managers. Therefore, the Yemen Ministry of Health and the National Tuberculosis Control Programme should implement an intervention programme to enhance HRQoL at the end of treatment to avoid any further negative consequences of MDRTB in patients after treatment. Moreover, The HRQoL data of patients with MDR-TB must be collected at the different stages of MDR-TB treatment to provide an additional parameter for assessing the effectiveness of the treatment programme. TRIAL REGISTRATION: SNOYEM 1452. Registered 01 February 2013.