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The impact of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 on the pathology, performance, and intestinal microbiome of broiler chickens in a necrotic enteritis challenge

It was hypothesized that dietary inclusion of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 could inhibit Clostridium perfringens induced necrotic enteritis (NE), thereby improving broiler performance. Male, d 0 chicks were randomly assigned 14 birds/pen, 11 pens/treatment in 3 treatments: a basal diet (control), a c...

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Autores principales: Whelan, Rose A, Doranalli, Kiran, Rinttilä, Teemu, Vienola, Kirsi, Jurgens, German, Apajalahti, Juha
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Poultry Science Association, Inc. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6698186/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30452717
http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey500
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author Whelan, Rose A
Doranalli, Kiran
Rinttilä, Teemu
Vienola, Kirsi
Jurgens, German
Apajalahti, Juha
author_facet Whelan, Rose A
Doranalli, Kiran
Rinttilä, Teemu
Vienola, Kirsi
Jurgens, German
Apajalahti, Juha
author_sort Whelan, Rose A
collection PubMed
description It was hypothesized that dietary inclusion of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 could inhibit Clostridium perfringens induced necrotic enteritis (NE), thereby improving broiler performance. Male, d 0 chicks were randomly assigned 14 birds/pen, 11 pens/treatment in 3 treatments: a basal diet (control), a coccidiostat fed control (Narasin), and a direct fed microbial (DFM) B. subtilis DSM 32315 treatment. Necrotic enteritis was induced in all birds by oral inoculation of Eimeria maxima oocysts on d 12 and a virulent C. perfringens on d 16. Mortality was reduced (P < 0.001) in DFM and Narasin compared to control. DFM reduced (P < 0.001) feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to control. Furthermore, DFM and Narasin reduced (P < 0.001) footpad lesions. The DFM was shown to increase (P < 0.05) Bacillus spp. and decrease (P < 0.05) C. perfringens in the ileum and cecum at several time points. To investigate microbiome changes in the cecum, digesta samples were analyzed with % guanine and cytosine (%G+C) microbial profiling which fractionates bacterial chromosomes based on the %G+C in DNA. The method revealed treatment profile peaks in low (27.0 to 34.5%), mid (40.5 to 54.0%), and high (59.0 to 68.0%) G+C fractions. 16S rRNA gene amplification and high throughput sequencing was conducted on each of these fractions in order to elucidate specific bacterial population differences. In the low and mid %G+C fractions, DFM had greater abundance of Lactobacillaceae family members (P = 0.03 and P = 0.01, respectively) and Lactobacillus salivarius (P = 0.04 and P = 0.01, respectively) than control or Narasin. Lactobacillus johnsonii was also greater in the low %G+C fraction compared to control and Narasin (P = 0.01). Lachnospiraceae (P = 0.04) and Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.01) in the mid %G+C fraction were reduced in the DFM compared to control. Positive alterations to the microbial populations in the gut of broilers may at least be a partial mechanism by which B. subtilis DSM 32315 reduced pathology and improved performance of broilers in the NE challenge.
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spelling pubmed-66981862019-08-22 The impact of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 on the pathology, performance, and intestinal microbiome of broiler chickens in a necrotic enteritis challenge Whelan, Rose A Doranalli, Kiran Rinttilä, Teemu Vienola, Kirsi Jurgens, German Apajalahti, Juha Poult Sci Immunology, Health and Disease It was hypothesized that dietary inclusion of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 could inhibit Clostridium perfringens induced necrotic enteritis (NE), thereby improving broiler performance. Male, d 0 chicks were randomly assigned 14 birds/pen, 11 pens/treatment in 3 treatments: a basal diet (control), a coccidiostat fed control (Narasin), and a direct fed microbial (DFM) B. subtilis DSM 32315 treatment. Necrotic enteritis was induced in all birds by oral inoculation of Eimeria maxima oocysts on d 12 and a virulent C. perfringens on d 16. Mortality was reduced (P < 0.001) in DFM and Narasin compared to control. DFM reduced (P < 0.001) feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to control. Furthermore, DFM and Narasin reduced (P < 0.001) footpad lesions. The DFM was shown to increase (P < 0.05) Bacillus spp. and decrease (P < 0.05) C. perfringens in the ileum and cecum at several time points. To investigate microbiome changes in the cecum, digesta samples were analyzed with % guanine and cytosine (%G+C) microbial profiling which fractionates bacterial chromosomes based on the %G+C in DNA. The method revealed treatment profile peaks in low (27.0 to 34.5%), mid (40.5 to 54.0%), and high (59.0 to 68.0%) G+C fractions. 16S rRNA gene amplification and high throughput sequencing was conducted on each of these fractions in order to elucidate specific bacterial population differences. In the low and mid %G+C fractions, DFM had greater abundance of Lactobacillaceae family members (P = 0.03 and P = 0.01, respectively) and Lactobacillus salivarius (P = 0.04 and P = 0.01, respectively) than control or Narasin. Lactobacillus johnsonii was also greater in the low %G+C fraction compared to control and Narasin (P = 0.01). Lachnospiraceae (P = 0.04) and Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.01) in the mid %G+C fraction were reduced in the DFM compared to control. Positive alterations to the microbial populations in the gut of broilers may at least be a partial mechanism by which B. subtilis DSM 32315 reduced pathology and improved performance of broilers in the NE challenge. Poultry Science Association, Inc. 2019-09 2018-11-18 /pmc/articles/PMC6698186/ /pubmed/30452717 http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey500 Text en © The Author 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Poultry Science Association. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.
spellingShingle Immunology, Health and Disease
Whelan, Rose A
Doranalli, Kiran
Rinttilä, Teemu
Vienola, Kirsi
Jurgens, German
Apajalahti, Juha
The impact of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 on the pathology, performance, and intestinal microbiome of broiler chickens in a necrotic enteritis challenge
title The impact of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 on the pathology, performance, and intestinal microbiome of broiler chickens in a necrotic enteritis challenge
title_full The impact of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 on the pathology, performance, and intestinal microbiome of broiler chickens in a necrotic enteritis challenge
title_fullStr The impact of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 on the pathology, performance, and intestinal microbiome of broiler chickens in a necrotic enteritis challenge
title_full_unstemmed The impact of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 on the pathology, performance, and intestinal microbiome of broiler chickens in a necrotic enteritis challenge
title_short The impact of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 on the pathology, performance, and intestinal microbiome of broiler chickens in a necrotic enteritis challenge
title_sort impact of bacillus subtilis dsm 32315 on the pathology, performance, and intestinal microbiome of broiler chickens in a necrotic enteritis challenge
topic Immunology, Health and Disease
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6698186/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30452717
http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey500
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