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The impact of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 on the pathology, performance, and intestinal microbiome of broiler chickens in a necrotic enteritis challenge
It was hypothesized that dietary inclusion of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 could inhibit Clostridium perfringens induced necrotic enteritis (NE), thereby improving broiler performance. Male, d 0 chicks were randomly assigned 14 birds/pen, 11 pens/treatment in 3 treatments: a basal diet (control), a c...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Poultry Science Association, Inc.
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6698186/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30452717 http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey500 |
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author | Whelan, Rose A Doranalli, Kiran Rinttilä, Teemu Vienola, Kirsi Jurgens, German Apajalahti, Juha |
author_facet | Whelan, Rose A Doranalli, Kiran Rinttilä, Teemu Vienola, Kirsi Jurgens, German Apajalahti, Juha |
author_sort | Whelan, Rose A |
collection | PubMed |
description | It was hypothesized that dietary inclusion of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 could inhibit Clostridium perfringens induced necrotic enteritis (NE), thereby improving broiler performance. Male, d 0 chicks were randomly assigned 14 birds/pen, 11 pens/treatment in 3 treatments: a basal diet (control), a coccidiostat fed control (Narasin), and a direct fed microbial (DFM) B. subtilis DSM 32315 treatment. Necrotic enteritis was induced in all birds by oral inoculation of Eimeria maxima oocysts on d 12 and a virulent C. perfringens on d 16. Mortality was reduced (P < 0.001) in DFM and Narasin compared to control. DFM reduced (P < 0.001) feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to control. Furthermore, DFM and Narasin reduced (P < 0.001) footpad lesions. The DFM was shown to increase (P < 0.05) Bacillus spp. and decrease (P < 0.05) C. perfringens in the ileum and cecum at several time points. To investigate microbiome changes in the cecum, digesta samples were analyzed with % guanine and cytosine (%G+C) microbial profiling which fractionates bacterial chromosomes based on the %G+C in DNA. The method revealed treatment profile peaks in low (27.0 to 34.5%), mid (40.5 to 54.0%), and high (59.0 to 68.0%) G+C fractions. 16S rRNA gene amplification and high throughput sequencing was conducted on each of these fractions in order to elucidate specific bacterial population differences. In the low and mid %G+C fractions, DFM had greater abundance of Lactobacillaceae family members (P = 0.03 and P = 0.01, respectively) and Lactobacillus salivarius (P = 0.04 and P = 0.01, respectively) than control or Narasin. Lactobacillus johnsonii was also greater in the low %G+C fraction compared to control and Narasin (P = 0.01). Lachnospiraceae (P = 0.04) and Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.01) in the mid %G+C fraction were reduced in the DFM compared to control. Positive alterations to the microbial populations in the gut of broilers may at least be a partial mechanism by which B. subtilis DSM 32315 reduced pathology and improved performance of broilers in the NE challenge. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6698186 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Poultry Science Association, Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-66981862019-08-22 The impact of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 on the pathology, performance, and intestinal microbiome of broiler chickens in a necrotic enteritis challenge Whelan, Rose A Doranalli, Kiran Rinttilä, Teemu Vienola, Kirsi Jurgens, German Apajalahti, Juha Poult Sci Immunology, Health and Disease It was hypothesized that dietary inclusion of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 could inhibit Clostridium perfringens induced necrotic enteritis (NE), thereby improving broiler performance. Male, d 0 chicks were randomly assigned 14 birds/pen, 11 pens/treatment in 3 treatments: a basal diet (control), a coccidiostat fed control (Narasin), and a direct fed microbial (DFM) B. subtilis DSM 32315 treatment. Necrotic enteritis was induced in all birds by oral inoculation of Eimeria maxima oocysts on d 12 and a virulent C. perfringens on d 16. Mortality was reduced (P < 0.001) in DFM and Narasin compared to control. DFM reduced (P < 0.001) feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to control. Furthermore, DFM and Narasin reduced (P < 0.001) footpad lesions. The DFM was shown to increase (P < 0.05) Bacillus spp. and decrease (P < 0.05) C. perfringens in the ileum and cecum at several time points. To investigate microbiome changes in the cecum, digesta samples were analyzed with % guanine and cytosine (%G+C) microbial profiling which fractionates bacterial chromosomes based on the %G+C in DNA. The method revealed treatment profile peaks in low (27.0 to 34.5%), mid (40.5 to 54.0%), and high (59.0 to 68.0%) G+C fractions. 16S rRNA gene amplification and high throughput sequencing was conducted on each of these fractions in order to elucidate specific bacterial population differences. In the low and mid %G+C fractions, DFM had greater abundance of Lactobacillaceae family members (P = 0.03 and P = 0.01, respectively) and Lactobacillus salivarius (P = 0.04 and P = 0.01, respectively) than control or Narasin. Lactobacillus johnsonii was also greater in the low %G+C fraction compared to control and Narasin (P = 0.01). Lachnospiraceae (P = 0.04) and Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.01) in the mid %G+C fraction were reduced in the DFM compared to control. Positive alterations to the microbial populations in the gut of broilers may at least be a partial mechanism by which B. subtilis DSM 32315 reduced pathology and improved performance of broilers in the NE challenge. Poultry Science Association, Inc. 2019-09 2018-11-18 /pmc/articles/PMC6698186/ /pubmed/30452717 http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey500 Text en © The Author 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Poultry Science Association. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com. |
spellingShingle | Immunology, Health and Disease Whelan, Rose A Doranalli, Kiran Rinttilä, Teemu Vienola, Kirsi Jurgens, German Apajalahti, Juha The impact of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 on the pathology, performance, and intestinal microbiome of broiler chickens in a necrotic enteritis challenge |
title | The impact of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 on the pathology, performance, and intestinal microbiome of broiler chickens in a necrotic enteritis challenge |
title_full | The impact of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 on the pathology, performance, and intestinal microbiome of broiler chickens in a necrotic enteritis challenge |
title_fullStr | The impact of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 on the pathology, performance, and intestinal microbiome of broiler chickens in a necrotic enteritis challenge |
title_full_unstemmed | The impact of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 on the pathology, performance, and intestinal microbiome of broiler chickens in a necrotic enteritis challenge |
title_short | The impact of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 on the pathology, performance, and intestinal microbiome of broiler chickens in a necrotic enteritis challenge |
title_sort | impact of bacillus subtilis dsm 32315 on the pathology, performance, and intestinal microbiome of broiler chickens in a necrotic enteritis challenge |
topic | Immunology, Health and Disease |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6698186/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30452717 http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey500 |
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